Prsentation PowerPoint

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Design and Control of a Batch Chemical Reactor
STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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Design and Control of a Batch Chemical Reactor
STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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Design and Control of a Batch Chemical Reactor
STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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Design and Control of a Batch Chemical Reactor
STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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Design and Control of a Batch Chemical Reactor
STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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Design and Control of a Batch Chemical Reactor
STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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Process Unit
Design First Project
STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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Process Unit
Without Instrumentation and Control System
STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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Design and Control of a Batch Chemical Reactor
Student Section
Chartered in 2003 April 15th Located in
Marseille (France) I.U.T. Marseille Chemistry
Department
STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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Design and Control of a Batch Chemical Reactor
Chemical Reactor

• 1 - Definition
• 2 - Typical batch reactor
• 3 - Batch chemical process
• 4 - Regulatory control chemical reactor

STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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Chemical
Reactor
1 - Definition

• A vessel, tube, pipe or other container within
  which a chemical reaction is made to take place
• May be batch or continuous
• Can use thermal, catalytic or irradiation to
  control the reaction
• Starting materials ? High added-value end-products

STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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Chemical
Reactor
2 Typical batch reactor
Feed
Product
STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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Chemical
Reactor
3 Batch chemical process

• Discontinuous process
• Consists of a sequence of one or more steps (or
  phases) that must be performed in a definite
  order to create a finite quantity of finished
  product
• When the ingredients are combined in proper
  proportions and exposed to the required
  conditions for the necessary time, the product
  usually results in an acceptable product

STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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Chemical
Reactor
4 Regulatory control

• Basic loops Flow, Pressure, Level, Temperature
• Challenging problem Temperature control because
  of open-loop instability caused by reaction
  produces heat (exothermic reaction)
• No T control ? Runaway reaction
• Good product specifications are obtained only
  with good T control

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Design and Control of a Batch Chemical Reactor
Complementary Equipment

• 1 - Distillation Column
• 2 - Heat Exchangers

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Complementary
Equipment
1- Distillation Column

• An apparatus that separates by a thermal process,
  chemical constituents of different volatilities
  in a liquid mixture
• Usually used to recover finished products from
  chemical reaction mixtures
• Also to recover reaction solvents

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Distillation Column
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Complementary
Equipment
2- Heat Exchanger

• Heat transfert process
• Conductive barrier separate the fluids that are
  exchanging heat

Hot Fluid
Cold Fluid
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Overview of System
Reactor Distilation Column Heat Exchangers
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Design and Control of a Batch Chemical Reactor
Work Objectives

• 1 - Designing the heating system
• 2 - Sizing the heat exchanger
• 3 - Designing the control system

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1- Designing the Heating System

• Apparatus
• Two heat exchangers, H.E. 01, H.E. 02

• Process variable
• reactor temperature
• Manipulated variables
• A) Cooling
• Cold water flow in H.E. 01
• B) Heating
• Steam pressure in H.E. 02

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2- Sizing the heat exchanger

• Heat transfer f (driving force, resistance)
• Heat flow Q U A DTm
• Flow control by manipulating
• U heat transfer coefficient
• A exchange surface area
• DTm mean temperature difference
• between two fluids

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2- Sizing the heat exchanger

• Operationnal contraints
• Initial and final temperature in the reactor
  (start-up)
• Reactor temperature (steady-state)
• Vapor Pressure / Temperature
• Heating oil flow
• ? Calculation of the exchanger surface area

STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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3- Designing the control system
Step 1 Control at steady state Single loop
with Process variable Reactor
temperature Manipulated variable Steam
pressure for heating or Cold water
flow for cooling

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Step 1
Single Loop for Heating
TIC 1
TT 1
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Step 2 Future Development

• P.I.D. Tuning
• Closed-loop performance study
• Setpoint tracking
• Disturbance rejection
• Cascade control to ameliorate disturbance
  rejection.
• Split-range control

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Step 2 Future Development

• Design and control of the cooling system
• Implementing the distillation column
• Implementing end-product purification and
  recovery
• Batch Control (SP88)

STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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Process Unit
Without Instrumentation and Control System
STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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Process Unit
Design First Project
STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt
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GOOD LUCK TO THE FUTURE SECTION AND THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING
STUDENT SECTION IUT Marseille Chemistry Dpt