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Review

• Alkane
• Alkene
• Alkyne

single bonds
double bonds
triple bonds between C atoms
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CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

• butane

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CH3CH3-CH-CH2-CH3

• 2-methyl butane

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CH2-CH3CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH
-CH2-CH3

• 3-ethyl heptane

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CH3-CH2-CHCH-CH3

• 2-pentene

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CH3-CH2-CC-CH3

• 2-pentyne

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Conformations

• Organic molecules that differ from one another
  only by rotated bond(s).

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Structural Isomers

• Molecules with the same numbers of atoms, but
  different bond arrangements.

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Cyclohydrocarbons

• Hydrocarbons that contain a ring.
• Names add cyclo- just before the ring name.

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Cyclic Alkanes
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Benzene

• C6H6
• a ring of 6 carbon atoms with alternating single
  and double bonds

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Polymers

• large organic compounds made up of repeating
  units
• poly many
• mer parts

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Functional Groups

• any element or group that replaces hydrogen on a
  hydrocarbon.

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Halocarbons R-X

• functional group on a hydrocarbon is a halogen
  (X).

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Halocarbon Names

• of carbon where halogen is bonded
• Halogen name with o replacing ine.
  (chloro for Cl)
• Parent chain name

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CH2F-CH2-CH2-CH3

• 1-fluorobutane

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CH3-CCl2-CH2-CH3

• 2,2-dichlorobutane

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CHBrCl-CH2Br

• 1-chloro-1,2-dibromoethane

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CH2Cl-CHCl-CH2-CH3

• 1,2-dichlorobutane

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CH2F-CHBr-(CH2)4-CH3

• 1-fluoro-2-bromoheptane

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CHClF-CH2-CHF-CH2-CH3

• 1-chloro-1,3-difluoropentane

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Alcohols R-OH

• have an -OH functional group called a hydroxyl
  group.
• Parent chain suffix replacedby -ol

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Types of Alcohols

• Primary C of the -OH group is bonded to only one
  other carbon.
• Secondary COH bonded to 2 other Cs

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• Tertiary C of the
• -OH group is bonded to three other carbons.

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CH2OH-CH3

• 1-ethanol

primary
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CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3

• 2-butanol

secondary
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Carboxylic Acids

• -COOH functional group called a carboxyl group.
• Parent chain suffix replaced by -oic acid

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OCH3-COOH or CH3-COH

• Ethanoic acid

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• Amines a nitrogen group bonded to the carbon
  chain
• R NH2