Techniques for Hazard Recognition

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Techniques for Hazard Recognition

• Presented By
• Bill Taylor, CSP
• Coble, Taylor Jones Safety Associates
• www.ctjsafety.com
• Cary, NC

billtaylorcsp_at_aol.com
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Hazard Recognition

• The challenge to recognizing hazards is 4-fold.

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Hazard Recognition

• The challenge
• Safety and health rules not understood

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Hazard Recognition

• The challenge
• Safety and health rules not understood
• Lack of education in hazard recognition

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Hazard Recognition

• The challenge
• Safety and health rules not understood
• Lack of education in hazard recognition
• Hazards not controlled and often not recognized

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Hazard Recognition

• The challenge
• Safety and health rules not understood
• Lack of education in hazard recognition
• Hazards not controlled and often not recognized
• Lack of ownership

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Lack of Ownership

• When employees believe safety is the safety
  managers job they make little effort to identify
  or report hazards.

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To Establish Ownership

• Eliminate the safety cop
• Increase worker involvement
• Build a safety culture

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Causes of Injuries and Illnesses

• Acts of Nature
• Acceptable Risks
• Deliberately Hurting Oneself
• Failures in the Management Systems

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Management System Failures

• Lack of commitment and leadership
• Inadequate training and education
• Improper equipment and conditions
• Failure to hold accountable
• Failure to recognize and control hazards
• Lack of enforcement

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A lack of enforcement demonstrates a lack of
commitment
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Hazard Recognition Techniques The Importance of
Standards
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Hazard Recognition

• 1910.6-Incorporation by reference
• ANSI
• NFPA
• CGA
• ASTM, and others

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NFPA 101-Life Safety Code

• Kentucky
• California

Minimum width of exit access
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Hazard Recognition

• OSHA
• 1926-Construction
• 1928-Agriculture
• 1915-1918 Maritime
• 1910-General industry

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Hazard Recognition

• Letters of interpretation
• Directives
• Company rules and policies

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• Standards Are Not Always Clear

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• For Example, Eyewashes and Showers
• 1910.151(c)
• Where the eyes or body of any person may be
  exposed to injurious corrosive materials,
  suitable facilities for quick drenching or
  flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided
  within the work area for immediate emergency
  use.

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OSHA Standards

• How and where should showers and eyewashes be
  installed?
• How often should they be tested or inspected?
• What should the water temperature be?
• What is the work area?
• Use ANSI Z358.1 for the details.

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• Standards Are Not Always Known

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The Four Principles of Hazard Recognition
Techniques
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The Four Principals of Hazard Recognition

• All employees have a responsibility to understand
  rules and associated hazards.

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The Four Principals of Hazard Recognition

• All employees have a responsibility to understand
  rules and associated hazards.
• Management is responsible for providing training
  to recognize hazards.

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The Four Principals of Hazard Recognition

• All employees have a responsibility to understand
  rules and associated hazards.
• Management is responsible for providing training
  to recognize hazards.
• It doesnt take a professional to spot the
  hazards.

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The Four Principals of Hazard Recognition

• All employees have a responsibility to understand
  rules and associated hazards.
• Management is responsible for providing training
  to recognize hazards.
• It doesnt take a professional to spot the
  hazards.
• Hazard recognition is a key element of Doing
  the Job Right

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Three Opportunities to Recognize Hazards

• Pre-Exposure (Planning Stage)
• During Exposure (Auditing and Inspecting)
• Post Exposure (Incident Investigation)

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Three Opportunities to Recognize Hazards

• Pre-Exposure (Planning Stage)
• Multi-Step Planning Process
• Issuing Work Permits
• Pre-Use Analysis (New Equipment, New Chemicals)
• Blueprint Reviews
• S/H/E Project Reviews
• Management of Change
• Turnaround Planning
• Employee Suggestion Boxes
• Open Door Policies
• Risk Mapping

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Planning the Work

• Every job, every task, every operation must be
  planned

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Planning the Work

• One simple field technique is a short multi-step
  process with the following 4 questions
• What am I about to do?
• What do I need to do this job and how will I do
  it?
• How could I get hurt?
• What am I going to do to prevent injury?

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Hazard Recognition

• Multi-step planning technique
• Identify the task
• Identify tools and equipment to be used
• Obtain proper procedures and permits
• Identify how injury or illness can occur
• Implement proper controls

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Hazard Recognition

• Implement proper controls
• Assure employees trained
• Assure tools and equipment are in safe condition
• Assure procedures are correct and followed

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Techniques for Hazard Recognition

• Pre-use analysis
• Examine new equipment and facilities before use

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Three Opportunities to Recognize Hazards

• During Exposure (Auditing and Inspecting)
• Job Hazard Analysis
• Hazops / What-If Analysis
• Walkthrough Inspections and Audits
• Equipment Inspections
• Behavioral Audits
• Management System Audits
• Perception Surveys
• IH Surveys
• Housekeeping Reviews

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During Exposure Hazard Recognition Techniques
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During Exposure
Hazard Recognition Techniques

• Ten-Second Drill
• Out-of-View Audits
• Three Key Questions
• Behavioral Observations
• Inspections and Audits

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Ten Second Drill
During Exposure Hazard Recognition Techniques

• Take 10 seconds to look at the people in the area
  
• Are they wearing their PPE, using machine guards,
  doing the job right?

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First Key QuestionIs there anything different?
The Three Key Questions of Hazard Recognition

• Different based on your education, your life
  experiences, your expectations of the workplace.
• When you see something different and you dont
  know if a hazard exists, ask someone who would
  know.

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Second Key QuestionIs there a hazard?
The Three Key Questions of Hazard Recognition

• If someone gets hurt, would any changes be made
  to prevent recurrence?
• If not, then the hazard is an acceptable risk.
• If so, why not change the hazard now before
  someone is injured?

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The Three Key Questions of Hazard Recognition

• Third Key Question
• Is the job being done right?
• From an efficiency standpoint
• From a quality standpoint
• A cost standpoint
• A safety standpoint

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Hazard Recognition

• Perception surveys
• Indicate how well employees understand safety and
  health policies
• Indicate policy feasibility
• Identify other weaknesses

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Three Opportunities to Recognize Hazards

• Post Exposure (Incident Investigation)
• Root Cause Analysis
• Action Critiques such as Emergency Response,
  Rescues, New Process Startups
• Demolition Audits

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Post Exposure
Post Exposure Hazard Recognition Techniques

• Employee Suggestion Systems
• Work Orders
• Incident Investigation/Analysis
• Action Critiques

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Action Critiques

• Emergency drills
• Rescue efforts
• Demolitions
• Shutdowns
• Startups

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Action Critiques
Use Pertinent Standards to Conduct Action
Critiques
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Areas to Critique from 1910.38 and .165
Action Critiques

• Sounding the alarm or notifying the proper
  authorities
• Using fire extinguishers
• Emergency egress
• Rally points for headcounts
• Rescue and medical duties
• Staying behind for critical operations and
  shutdowns

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• Managing Change

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Written Program

• Management support
• Recognition
• Evaluation
• Control
• Permitting
• Training
• Familiarization period
• Follow-up

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Techniques for Hazard Recognition

• Thank you!
• Bill Taylor, CSP
• billtaylorcsp_at_aol.com
• www.ctjsafety.com
• 919-477-1332