Evaluation of Delaware Dry Cleaners Using Perchloroethylene

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Evaluation of Delaware Dry Cleaners Using
Perchloroethylene
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Perchloroethylene (PERC)

• Used by over 82 of Delawares dry cleaners
• Classified as a
• Hazardous air pollutant under CAA Section 112
• Probable to possible human carcinogen by the EPA
• Enters the body through inhalation as well as
  ingestion
• Prolonged exposure can lead to loss of
  coordination nose, throat, and eye irritation
  and headaches

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DNREC Dry Cleaner Evaluation

• Evaluation Conducted by Intern during Summer 2007
• Field inspected each Dry Cleaner
• Developed a Dry Cleaner Database
• Identified Dry Cleaners co-located or near
  sensitive receptors
• Measured organic compound concentrations near
  each dry cleaner that was co-located or near
  sensitive receptors

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Sensitive Receptors

• Defined for the Evaluation as
• Day care centers
• Schools
• Health care centers
• Residences
• Food establishments

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Dry Cleaner Co-Located With Sensitive Receptor
Co-located under the Evaluation means the
sensitive receptor shares a common wall with a
dry cleaner
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Dry Cleaner Within 50ft of Sensitive Receptor
Near under the Evaluation means the sensitive
receptor is within 50ft of a dry cleaner
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Dry Cleaner Categories

• Small dry cleaners
• less than 140 gallons of PERC per year
• Large dry cleaners
• between 140 and 2,100 gallons of PERC per year
• Major dry cleaners
• over 2,100 gallons of PERC per year.

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Number of Delaware Dry Cleaners Using PERC
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Dry Cleaner Database

• Database includes
• Cleaner name and address
• Owner and contact information
• Latitude/ longitude coordinates
• Make, model, size, date of installation, etc. of
  each dry cleaning machine
• Organic compound concentration reading
• Flame Ionization Detector
• Obtained directly outside the door of dry
  cleaners
• Identification of any nearby sensitive receptors

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Evaluation Data

• 45 dry cleaners we found to be co-located and/or
  within 50 feet of sensitive receptors

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Map of Dry Cleaners Co-located or Within 50 feet
of Sensitive Receptors
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Dry Cleaners Near Residences

• 2 dry cleaners co-located with residence
• 1 dry cleaner within 50 feet residence
• 2 dry cleaners co-located and within 50 feet of a
  residence

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Dry Cleaners Near Food Establishments

• 14 dry cleaners co-located
• 15 dry cleaners within 50 feet
• 8 dry cleaners co-located and within 50 ft

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Dry Cleaners Near Multiple Sensitive Receptors

• 1 dry cleaner co-located with residence and
  within 50 feet of food establishment
• 1 dry cleaner co-located with health care center
  and within 50 feet of food establishment
• 1 dry cleaner co-located with food establishment
  and within 50 feet of health care center

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Dry Cleaners Near Day Care Centers and Schools

• No Dry Cleaners were identified as being
  co-located or near a school or day care center

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Measured Organic Compound Concentrations

• Flame Ionization Detector measured organic
  compounds and not PERC
• Impacted by local sources like traffic, etc.
• Area for potential additional study
• Background concentration
• Obtained from five shopping areas
• Average concentration0.58 ppm
• Range near dry cleaners varied from 0.46 ppm to
  1.10 ppm

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Dry Cleaners Co-located or Near all Sensitive
Receptors
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Dry Cleaners Co-located or Near Residences
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Dry Cleaners Co-located or Near Food
Establishments
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Dry Cleaners Co-located or Near Multiple
Sensitive Receptors
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Summary

• No correlation between concentration levels and
  dry cleaner category
• No correlation between concentration levels and
  make, model and size of dry cleaning machine
• No correlation between concentration and the date
  of machine installation or age of machine

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Questions?