Ch 2 Personality Assessment

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1/16/07

• Ch 2 Personality Assessment
• 1. Case study method
• Ch 3 Trait Taxonomies
• 2. Reasons for them
• 3. Specific taxonomies
• 4. Big 5 assessment

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Research designs
• 1. Experimental
• 2. Correlational
• 3. Case study

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Case study method

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Case study of Ted Bundy, serial killer of women
• Life experiences

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Case study of Ted Bundy, serial killer of women
• Inferred traits

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Case study of Ted Bundy, serial killer of women
• Early signs
• Young child

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Ch 2 Personality Assessment

• Case studies
• material for theory hypotheses
• E.g., aspects of serial killers
• -

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Ch 3 Trait Taxonomies

• Chapter 3 trait taxonomies
• Most important differences?
• How do different traits relate to each other?

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Ch 3 Trait Taxonomies

• Why a taxonomy?
• 15,000 trait terms
• Studying each in isolation folly
• 1960s research

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Ch 3 Trait Taxonomies

• Why a taxonomy?
• A few basic dimensions
• Capture most important ind diffs
• Establishing a taxonomy

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Fact 1 Fact 2
  Fact 3
• (extraversion) (ambition)
  (creativity)
• Humorous .66 .06 .19
• Amusing .65 .23 .02
• Popular .57 .13 .22
• Hard-working .05 .63 .01
• Productive .04 .52 .19
• Determined .23 .52 .08
• Imaginative .01 .09 .62
• Original .13 .05 .53
• Inventive .06 .26 .47

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Ch 3 Trait Taxonomies

• Taxonomies
• 1. Eysencks Big 3
• 2. Cattells 16 personality factors
• 3. Interpersonal Circumplex
• 4. Big 5

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Hans Eysenck
• Born 1916 in Germany
• Intense dislike of Hitler
• Moves to London during Hitlers rise to power
• 40 books, 700 articles
• Most cited psychologist
• Died 1998

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Eysencks model
• Somewhat theoretical approach

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Hierachical Structure of Extraversion-Introversion
(E)

• Narrower traits include
• Sociable
• Lively
• Assertive
• Sensation-seeking
• Carefree
• Dominant

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Hierarchical Structure of Neuroticism (N)

• Narrower traits include
• Anxious
• Depressed
• Low SE
• Tense
• Irrational
• Moody

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Hierarchical Structure ofPsychoticism (P

• Narrower traits include
• Aggressive
• Cold
• Egocentric
• Antisocial
• Unempathic
• Tough-minded

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Cattells taxonomy
• Born in England, 1905
• Worked with Spearman
• Also died in 1998, as did Eysenck
• 50 books, 500 articles

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (Cattells taxonomy)
• Labeled factors A, B, and so on

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (Cattells taxonomy)
• Factor A warmth (similar to E)
• Factor B intelligence
• Factor C emotional stability (-N)
• Factor E dominance (now part of E)
• Factor F impulsivity
• And so on

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (Cattells taxonomy)
• Criticism

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (circumplex models)
• Leary
• LSD experiments
• Prior to that

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (circumplex models)
• Wiggins
• 2 decades after Leary
• Wanted to develop scales for circumplex

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies
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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (circumplex models)
• Wiggins
• Statistical implications of
• Adjacency (pos corr)
• Bipolarity (neg corr)
• Orthogonality (no corr)

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Big 5 circumplex

• Advantage of circumplex
• Disadvantage of circumplex

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Five factor model
• Past decade
• McCrae, Costa, John, Goldberg, Saucier
• Some consensus on 5 major dimensions

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (Five factor model)
• 1. Extraversion
• 2. Agreeableness
• 3. Conscientiousness
• 4. Emotional stability
• 5. Openness-intellect

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Extraversion

• Warmth
• Gregariousness
• Assertiveness
• Activity
• Excitement seeking
• Positive emotions

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Agreeableness

• Trust
• Straightforwardness
• Altruism
• Compliance
• Modesty
• Tender-mindedness

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Conscientiousness

• Competence
• Order
• Dutifulness
• Achievement striving
• Self-discipline
• Deliberation

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Neuroticism
Anxiety Angry hostility Depression Self-consciousn
ess Impulsiveness Vulnerability
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Openness to Experience

• Fantasy
• Aesthetics
• Feelings
• Actions
• Ideas
• Values

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• (five factor model)
• Empirical evidence

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Correlates of Extraversion

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Correlates of Agreeableness

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Correlates of Conscientiousness

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Correlates of Neuroticism

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Ch 3 Traits Trait Taxonomies

• Correlates of Openness

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Big 5 personality inventory

• Big 5 inventory
• Lets administer this
• Responses anonymous
• However, we need an identity that we can use
  later on
• Please choose 2 word phrase that you will
  remember
• E.g., fuzzy bunny
• E.g., car parts
• E.g., pots pans
• E.g., frozen tundra

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Big 5 personality inventory

• On top of questionnaire, write 2 word phrase for
  you
• Complete report
• Hand it in to me
• Usefulness of exercise
• Familiarity with a Big 5 measure
• Feedback on your personality
• Personality correlates of this class