Module 12 INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL DIMENSIONS TO IAS MANAGEMENT

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Module 12INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL DIMENSIONS
TO IAS MANAGEMENT
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• Conclusion from other Modules
• (1) IAS management, public awareness,
  stakeholder support, institutional mandates,
  laws and regulations can not be developed or
  maintained in a vacuum they influence each
  other and support each other

First Part of Module
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Conclusion from other Modules of this training

• (2) International efforts and cooperation will
  be required to effectively address IAS

Second Part of Module
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• In order to to deal with invasive alien
  species, a National Strategic Framework is
  required.
• National IAS Strategy (The Plan)
• Implementation (Carrying out the plan)
• Institutional and Structural arrangements
• (Whose job is it? Who decides?)
• Legislation (and regulations) (Rights,
  obligations.)

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Different aspects of the Strategic Framework
overlap and support each other
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Building a National Strategic Framework
BUILDING BLOCKS FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
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Building a National Strategic Framework

• Structure in this Module
• - Developing and implementing a National
  Strategy
• - Leadership, Coordination and Cooperation
• - Legal and Institutional requirements
• - Approaches

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DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING A NATIONAL STRATEGY
(Building Blocks)

• Preliminary Assessment
• Task Force
• Producing the National Strategy
• Operational Arrangements

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• Assessment of situation
• What alien species and potentially IAS are in
  your country?
• What are the pathways?
• What is at risk?
• What agencies deal with IAS?
• What laws and regulations exist?
• What is the present situation and what
  constraints are there?

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• Task Force to formulate National Strategy
• Wide stakeholder participation is crucial to
• maximise expert input
• maximise support
• For instance Government agencies, Primary
  Producers, other industry and sectors,
  Environmental NGOs, Regional Government, other
  relevant Community groups

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Task Force to formulate National Strategy

• (2) Analyse all relevant information
• (3) Determine suitable policies, practices,
  operational procedures, responsibilities and
  implementation arrangements
• (4) Determine who should be the Lead Agency

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Task Force to formulate National Strategy

• (5) Produce a Draft National Strategy
• (6) Circulate the Draft National Strategy
  widely for comment and input
• (7) Incorporate input
• (8) Submit to government for consideration and
  approval

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Lead Agency

• Is an agency with the principal responsibility
  for operationalising and managing the National
  Strategy on an ongoing basis ..
• .. in a system of cooperation with other
  national or local government agencies and
  consultation with other stakeholders

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Lead Agency

• Can be
• Existing agency or
• Newly formed entity
• The most suitable Lead Agency will be different
  in different countries depends on mandate,
  capacity, resources, national situation..

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Lead Agency

• New Zealand, Ministry of Agriculture and
  Forestry has been designated the lead agency for
  all aspects of biosecurity strategy (including
  biodiversity impacts)
• Strong coordinating structure e.g. USA National
  Invasive Species Council

Key structure of cooperation with other
agencies where roles and responsibilities are
clear and which enables all stakeholders to work
effectively together
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National IAS Strategy

• Vision and goals/objectives
• Scope (what species, what pathways?, geographic
  coverage)
• Context
• Contents All aspects of dealing with IAS must be
  covered, including management, leadership,
  coordination, awareness, legal and institutional,
  research, funding
• It sets high level recommendation for actions
  not detailed ones

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• Widespread stakeholder involvement is critical
• Including governmental agencies, industry,
  primary sectors, NGOs, communities.

National Strategy must create clarity on mandates
and responsibilities
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IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL STRATEGY AND NATIONAL
SRATEGIC FRAMEWORK

• Implementation of a National Strategic Framework
  will consist of implementing high level
  recommendations for action as well as the
  planning and carrying out of day to day
  activities to address IAS issues.

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LEADERSHIP AND COOPERATION(Building blocks)

• Lead Agency / Invasive Species Committee
• Interagency Cooperation
• Wide stakeholder involvement

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Lead Agency

• The main obligation and responsibility for the
  implementation and ongoing management of the
  National Strategy and other components of the
  national framework usually falls on a lead agency
  in a system of cooperation with other national or
  local government agencies and consultation with
  other stakeholders

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• A priority action is to establish national IAS
  Committees (i.e. with full sectoral
  representation) and national IAS focal points in
  countries that do not already have them. The
  Committee should supervise the implementation of
  the Strategies/Plans and set IAS priorities and
  responsibilities such as identifying key
  organisations to lead on specific IAS issues in
  each country.

Statement by delegates to Austral Pacific
Workshop (GISP). Honolulu, October 2002
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INTERAGENCY COOPERATION

• Clarity of mandates
• Clarity of decision making
• Competition for funding should be avoided
• A decision-making systems to resolve potential
  conflicts of interest
• Good information flow between agencies
• Good will and understanding of a common goal

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Wide Stakeholder involvement

• Advisory role in developing Strategy
• Involvement in the implementation of IAS
  management , for example
• Consultation in risk analysis
• Development of voluntary guidelines or codes of
  conducts relating to their sector

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• Stakeholder Involvement in the implementation of
  IAS management, e.g.
• Participation in surveillance
• Community led restoration programmes
• Community led eradication or control programmes
• Awareness raising and education

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• Leadership, Coordination and Cooperation are key
  building blocks for a National Strategic
  Framework.
• It will depend on the countrys situation which
  Agency may be the best suited to be a Lead
  Agency.
• National IAS Committees could be a good first
  step towards a Strategic Framework
• Interagency Cooperation will require goodwill and
  understanding of the common goals
• Wide stakeholder involvement is critical for the
  success of a Strategic Framework

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NATIONAL LEGAL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK(Building
Block)
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• Law is used to implement policy objectives and
  determine principles, standards and procedures to
  achieve them
• Legal and Institutional systems underpin the
  mandate to act to address IAS
• Establishing efficient institutions is one of
  the most important roles of legislation, though
  this is often underestimated

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Key Requirements for National Legal frameworks

• Terminology and Definitions
• Geographical coverage
• All ecosystems
• Species native in one part of country and
  invasive in another part of country (e.g.
  hedgehogs in Scotland)
• Vulnerable and valuable areas

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Key Requirements for National Legal frameworks

• Species coverage
• No taxonomic groups omitted
• IAS with impacts on primary production,
  livelihoods, biodiversity, health,.

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Key Requirements for National Legal frameworks

• Management
• Prevention
• Early Detection /Rapid response
• Eradication
• Control
• Mitigation of impacts

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Remember

• Where proposed biological control agents are
  alien species, the full process of risk analysis
  should apply to them, as for any other proposed
  intentional introduction of an alien species
• Legislation must exclude alien species from
  automatic protection

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APPROACHES(Building Block)
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Regional and other transboundary approach

• IAS do not recognise country borders
• Formalised Regional Strategies
• Regional Action Plans
• Transboundary Cooperation

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• INTEGRATING IAS STRATEGIES INTO OTHER NATIONAL
  STRATEGIC ISSUES
• Development of biodiversity strategies
• Poverty alleviation strategies
• Sustainable development strategies
• EIA for large engineering works (e.g. canals,
  tunnels, etc.)
• Protected Areas Management Plans

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Invasive species control and reforestation
initiative (in partnership with local leaders ),
school growing and planting nativetrees,..(Nati
onal Park America Samoa)
SUPPORTING RESTORATION AND APPRECIATION OF NATIVE
BIODIVERSITY
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Using and encouraging native species as an
alternative

Mekong River Commission (MRC) Fisheries
Programme promotion of aquaculture of Indigenous
Mekong fish species
Promotion of native plants for disturbed lands,
Alberta (Canada)
Any use of native species as an alternative to
using alien species must be done in the context
of sustainable use.
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Using and encouraging native species as an
alternative

• Gardening
• Erosion control
• Developing aquaculture
• Stocking of rivers and ponds
• Forestry
• Aid and development assistance

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• CONTROLS ON DOMESTIC MOVEMENT OF SPECIES
• PRIORITISING
• Risk Analysis
• PRECAUTION
• Precautionary measures are advocated, required or
  allowed by several international instruments,
• Precaution is especially relevant in the context
  of IAS with biodiversity impacts, because of the
  ecological complexity involved.

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INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTIONS..

• There is always something you can do
• There is always something you can do

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CONCLUSIONS
Approaches
Legal / Institutional
Implementation
Cooperation
Leadership and coordination
National Strategy
STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK!!
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Prevention Early Detection / Rapid
response Eradication Control Mitigation Awareness
Education Research Funding Etc..
Approaches
Legal / Institutional
Cooperation
National Strategy
Implementation
Leadership and coordination
STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION LEGISLATION INSTITUTIONAL
CONCLUSIONS
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INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS, INITIATIVES AND
PROGRAMMES ON IAS
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• REGIONAL SPREAD OF IAS
• IAS, once introduced, can spread to neighbouring
  countries (e.g. Cactoblastis cactorum )

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SUMMARY WHY INTERNATIONAL APPROACH IS REQUIRED

• 1) MAGNITUDE OF THREAT (Global scale)
• 2) NEED FOR INFORMATION SHARING
• usual suspects shared problem species
• Prior invasiveness early warning elsewhere
• 3) NEED FOR MANAGEMENT COOPERATION
• IAS in one country can spread to neighbours
• Shared IAS
• Capacity building
• 4) GLOBAL TRADE ASPECTS
• Cause movement of huge amount of species outside
  native range (intentional, unintentional)
• Where prevention requires trade restrictions,
  must be consistent with WTO/SPS.

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INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS

• The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
• RAMSAR
• The International Plant Protection Convention
  (IPPC)
• Office International des Epizooties (OIE)
• The World Health Organization (WHO)
• IMO
• GLOBALLAST
• International Civil Aviation Organization
• Technical Guidance for Fisheries and Aquaculture
• Relationship of existing instruments with the
  multilateral trading system

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INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMMES AND INITIATIVES

• IAS and sustainable development programmes
• GLOBAL INVASIVE SPECIES PROGRAMME (GISP)
• WHAT GISP OFFERS
• COOPERATIVE INITIATIVE ON IAS ON ISLANDS (CII)
• International Cooperation between peers
• GISP Partners
• Regional Cooperation