Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland

1
Mainstreaming Disability in Development
Cooperation - Experience, vision and future Case
Finland
Ronald Wiman Senior Advisor on Social Development
Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Department for
Development Policy
2
Contents

• Vision 1990 A Society for All
• Current Finnish policies
• Some practices
• Evaluations and lessons learned
• What to do next
• Guide to knowledge resources
• Background UN-DESA initiative
• already in the 1990s

3
Vision 1990

• In a Society for All the needs of all citizens
  constitute the basis for planning and policy. The
  general system of society is made accessible for
  all.
• By accommodating its structures and functioning
  to the needs of all, a society mobilizes the
  potential of all its citizens, and consequently,
  strengthens its development potential....
• The concept of A Society for All encompassing
  human diversity and development of all human
  potential, can be said to embody, in a single
  phrase, the human rights instruments of the UN.
• Report of the UN Secretary-General to the 49th GA
  ( 1991)

4
The New Development Cooperation Policy of
Finland 2007, Some Highlights
Eradication of poverty through ecologically,
economically and socially sustainable
development

• A Global perspective
• Comprehensive approach to development
• Economic, ecological, societal, cultural
• Comprehensive social/societal policy
• Think globally - act locally

5
Cross-cutting Themes (CCTs) in the Policy

• Gender equality
• Social equality
• Rights and equal opportunties of vulnerable
  groups incl. people with disabilities, children,
  indigenous peoples, ethnic minorities
• HIV/AIDS as a health and societal challenge

6
Finnish 3-track Disability and Development
Approach (2004)

• Mainstream disability as a cross-cutting quality
  issue in all sectors and accommodate people with
  disabilities on basis of the equal universal
  Human Rights Approach ( re The Convention)
• Complement universal provisions with targeted,
  additional support and services to equalize
  access and opportunities for people with
  disabilities
• Empower people with disabilities collectively to
  help them have a stronger voice (support DPOs)
  and access to decisionmaking

7
A Long Track Record by Finland on
Disability-sensitive Policy Coherence

• Support to intergovernmental organizations
• Communiques by Nordic Countries Ministers for
  Development Cooperation 2000 and 2005 and follow
  up (2009)
• Finnish Government Report on Disability (2006)
  Rights-based approach all sectors responsible
• Disability included as crosscutting issue in
  development policies
• The Convention will be ratified
• EU-positions on disability supported

8
Examples of Disability Mainstreaming Initiatives

• Cooperation with the UN (DESA) in 1990s
  resulted in the Manual on Inclusive Planning
  and radiated into the 1995 Social Summit themes
• Support to the Word Bank to include disability
  aspects to PRSP sector analyses (expetise and
  trust funds)
• Sector-specific mainstreaming in bilateral
  cooperation e.g. inclusive education initiatives
  (e.g Ethiopia, South Africa, the Balkans)
• EFA (Education for All) flagship for inclusive
  education secretariat at the Univ. of Jyväskylä,
  Finland
• Global Partnership on Disability and Develoment
  (GPDD, funded with Italy, Norway and the World
  Bank)
• Disability component included in the training at
  the Ministry
• DPOs as contracted expert bodies in project
  appraisal and implementation - nothing about us
  without us

9
The Main Stream Is StillDisability - Specific
Activities

• Gov funding (ODA) channeled mainly through
  NGOs/DPOs
• Preferential treatment Disability projects by
  NGOs/DPOs require only 7.5 own funding (others
  15)
• In bilateral assistance ups and downs
• Some earmarked funding to multilateral
  organizations

(c) RW
Headquarters of the Ethiopian Disabled Womenss
Association
10
EvaluationsA Self-Critical Look at Policy and
Practice

• Goverment Evaluation Unit audit concerning the
  cross-cutting themes (2009)
• Expertise of DPOs used well and their ownership
  created
• But disability-specific activities are not
  mainstreaming
• Mainstreaming, can it be outsourced?
• Ultimate responsibility for Human Rights cannot
  be outsourced?
• Isnt every agency responsible for mainstreaming?
• But everybodys responsibility is nobodys
  responsibility.
• Good intentions have not always materialized (-
  in Finland, either).
• But Lessons learned are now being implemented

11
GOAL FROM STAND-ALONE DISABILITY PROJECTS TO
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTAL INTERVENTIONS

The beneficiaries and agents of action of the
Ethiopian micro-credit scheme of the CBR
-network (CBR Community Based Rehabilitation)
(c) RW
12
Why Good Policies Tend to Evaporate?What to Do?

• Make strategic decision at high level as part of
  the mainstream Managing for Results (MfR) -
  framework (Paris Declaration, Accra Agenda for
  Action on Aid Effectiveness)
• Revise management framework
• Responsibilities
• Accountability
• Resources and capacity building
• CCT support team to be established
• Terms of Reference of Quality Assurance Board to
  be revised
• Revise guidelines for programme design and all
  documentation
• Terms of Reference (TOR and procurement
  guidelines)
• Include CCTs in all steps (stakeholder analyses
  and impact assessment)
• Include Price Tags and Budget Lines in plans
• Establish indicators, monitoring and evaluation
  procedures

13
A Recent, Very Good Toolbox

• Make Development Inclusive
• IDDC / CBM for the EU Commission
• - A how to practical manual on mainstreaming
  (2009)
• - Step-by-step advice on including the disability
  perspective in EU Project Management Cycle (PCM)
• The on-line PCM toolbox at http//www.inclusive-de
  velopment.org/cbmtools/
• http//www.inclusive-development.org/cbmtools/

14
Steps towards Implementing Mainstreaming

• Make a Decision
• Connect it with mainstream policies and
  priorities
• Manage for Results and enforce accountability
• Provide tools for desk officers, train and
  support
• Get organized for the above
• Budget realistically
• Monitor and evaluate
• Learn from mistakes
• Do not overdo! Be aware of what is relevant in
  each intervention. The best can be an enemy of
  the very good.

15
Contact Details

• Ronald Wiman
• Senior Social Development Advisor
• KEO-20/ Department for Development Policy
• Ministry for Foreign Affairs
• Katajanokanlaituri 3
• P.O.Box 511 FIN-00023 Government, Helsinki,
  Finland
• Tel [phone] GSM 358-40-556 4812
• e-mail Ronald.Wiman_at_formin.fi
• ronald.wiman_at_gmail.com

16
Reference Material (1)

• Convention (ICPRD) implementation toolkit by DPI
  lthttp//www.icrpd.net/implementation/en/index.htm
  gt
• Label us Able. Evaluation of Finnish Development
  Cooperation from the Disability Perspective. Min.
  for Foreign Affairs, 2003 lthttp//formin.finland.f
  i/public/download.aspx?ID13528GUIDC2043295-F12
  1-4ED1-984D-B394F821C13Dgt
• Making PRSP Inclusive.by HI and CBM (2007)
• lthttp//www.handicap-international.de/images/pdfs
  _multimedia/prsp_manual_eng_1.pdfgt
• Make Development Inclusive. How to include the
  perspectives of persons with disabilities in the
  Project Cycle Management Guidelines of the EC by
  Christoffel-Blindenmission (CBM) 2009

17
Reference Material (2)

• Wiman, R (ed) Disability Dimension in
  Development Action. Manual on Inclusive Planning.
  STAKES for the UN (1997, 2000, 2003)
  lthttp//www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/publications/
  FF-DisalibilityDim0103_b1.pdfgt
• Wiman, R, Voipio, T, Ylönen, M (2007)
  Comperhensive Social Policies for Development in
  a Globalizing World. Ministry for Foreign
  Affairs. Finland lthttp//info.stakes.fi/ssd/EN/com
  prehensive/index.htmgt
• Working on Disability in Country Programmes.
  DFID How to Note (2007) lthttp//www.dfid.gov.uk/p
  ubs/files/DisguideDFID.pdfgt