Cells and Tissues

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Cells and Tissues
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Anatomy of a Cell
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
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Cytoplasmic Organelles
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
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Solutions

• Solution - a mixture of two or more components
• Solvent - dissolving medium
• Solute - dissolved substance

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Body Fluids

• Intracellular fluid - solution inside cells
• Interstitial fluid - solution outside cells

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Membrane Transport

• Selective permeability
• Passive transport processes
• Active transport processes

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Passive Transport Processes

• Diffusion
• Concentration gradient
• Types of diffusion
• Simple diffusion
• Osmosis
• Facilitated diffusion
• Filtration
• Pressure gradient

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Osmosis

• Isotonic solution
• Hypotonic solution
• Hypertonic solution

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Active Transport Processes

• Solute pumping
• Endocytosis
• Exocytosis

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Cell Division

• Cell life cycle
• Interphase
• Cell division

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Events of Cell Division

• Mitosis
• Cytokinesis

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Stages of Mitosis

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

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Protein Synthesis

• Gene - DNA segment
• Transcription
• Translation

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Body Tissues

• Epithelial tissue
• Connective tissue
• Muscular tissue
• Nervous tissue

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Classification of Epithelial Tissue

• Cell arrangement
• Simple - one layer thick
• Stratified - more than one layer thick
• Cell shape
• Squamous - flattened
• Columnar - column-like
• Cuboidal - cube-shaped

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Characteristics of Epithelium

• Forms continuous sheets
• Always has one free surface or edge
• Basement membrane present
• Contains no blood vessels
• Can regenerate easily

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Glandular Epithelium

• Exocrine glands
• Duct connects to surface
• Endocrine glands
• No connection to a surface

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Characteristics of Connective Tissue

• Has good blood supply
• Extracellular matrix present
• Matrix contains various fibers

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Types of Connective Tissue

• Bone
• Cartilage
• Dense connective tissue
• Tendons and ligaments
• Loose connective tissue
• Areolar and adipose tissue
• Blood

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Types of Muscle Tissue

• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Smooth

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Nervous Tissue

• Neurons
• Supporting cells

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The End