Hobbes, Locke,

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Hobbes, Locke, The Glorious Revolution

• Political Thought of the Enlightenment

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Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)

• English
• power of the king
• Leviathan, 1651
• Full power of king
• Limits to power of king

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Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)

• State of Nature
• where monarchy came from.
• Mythical time State of Nature
• the life of man is solitary, poor, nasty,
  brutish, and short During the time men live
  without a common power to keep them in awe, they
  are in that condition which is called war and
  such a war, as is of every man against every
  man.
• Rejected to form societies.
• Social contract

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The BACKGROUND of the Glorious Revolution

• Religious tensions
• 1640 King Charles I ran out of money
• Parliament
• Refused to give more money.
• more power
• Promotion in government due to merit
• Religious tolerance

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The BACKGROUND of the Glorious Revolution

• King Charles I levies taxes
• Parliament declared war 1640
• Oliver Cromwell
• Lord Protector of England, 1653-58
• had Charles I executed.
• Monarchy was restored in 1660
• Charles II

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The BACKGROUND of the Glorious Revolution

• 1685 Charles II died
• James II became King
• Catholic
• Religious Freedom
• Appointed Catholics to high government posts.
• 1687, James II dissolved Parliament

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The GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

• 1688 King James II forced to abdicate.
• Bloodless Revolution
• Solidified the principles that
• limits on the power of the King.
• Parliament had independent and significant power.
• Mary and husband William of Orange invited to
  rule.
• Both were devout protestants.
• 1690 Battle of the Boyne in Ireland

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The Bill of Rights 1689

• 1689 Toleration Act
• Resolved power conflict between king and
  Parliament
• Accepted Limited rights of Kings
• Bill of Rights
• Contract between Monarchy People
• No taxes or armies recruited without permission
• No arbitrary arrest, due process of law, no
  suspension of laws without parliamentary approval.

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John Locke (1632 1704)

• English Philosopher
• Fled England in 1683
• Retuned after Revolution was complete.
• Second Treatise on Government
• Social Contract Theory
• People gave up the state of nature in order to
  have protection/ government.
• Different from Hobbes

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John Locke (1632 1704)

• Social Contract

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John Locke (1632 1704)

• Natural Rights
• Equality
• Absolute monarchy
• Will of the majority
• Government by property owners
• protect property
• cannot take away property
• taxes cannot be levied without consent.

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The growing importance of property

• Hobbes 17th century Peace and stability needed
  for industry, trade, and culture to grow.
• society of economic productivity.
• Lockes view Property owners had caused the
  Glorious Revolution.

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The growing importance of property

• Criticisms of Locke
• View of the enclosure act
• View of the Landless/ Unpropertied
• Glorious Revolution was Democratic BUT
• Until 1820 less than 500 powerful men
  controlled elections of Parliament.
• 1832 Reform Act Electorate grew from 5000,000
  to 800,000
• 1867/1884 (during the Industrial Revolution).
  Vote extended to middle class, lower class,
  Catholics, Dissenters, and Jews.
• 1918 Women over 30 get to vote
• 1928 Women over 21 get to vote.