House Bill 1 Implementation Workshop June 2006

1
House Bill 1 Implementation Workshop June
2006
2
Agenda

• School District Efficiency
• Beyond School Finance
• States Fiscal Outlook and 80th
  Session

• Introduction
• Tax Rate Issues
• School Finance Provisions
• Educational Employees

3
1. Introduction

• Review of Workshop Materials
• Special Session Review

4
Special Session Success

• Court Order
• Legislative Cooperation
• Surplus
• No new school finance system
• Reforms

5
2. HB 1 TAX RATES

• Tax Rate Structure
• Basic MO Tax Rate 2006-07
• Basic MO Tax Rate 2007-08
• Rollback Rate Provisions
• Over-65 and Disabled Freeze
• Tax Rate Notices

6
Tax Rate Structure

• Base tax rate based on qualifying reduction
  percentage multiplied by 2005 MO tax rate
• Additional tax rate of 4 permitted without
  election
• Possible additional tax rate without election
  permitted for low current tax effort districts
  (below 1.50) in 2007-08
• Additional tax rate permitted with election,
  subject to 17 maximum above base

7
Basic MO Tax Rate 2006-07

• 88.67 percent of 2005 MO Rate
• Example 1.50 x 0.8867 1.33005, or by TEA
  definition 1.33
• No effective rate calculation for 2006-07
• Maximum remains at 1.50, or voted authorization
• First 4 available without election
• Remaining 13 requires election
• This could be higher than 13 for 2005 low-effort
  districts since maximum MO rate is still 1.50
  for most districts

8
2006-07 Rollback Rate Calculation (page 23)

• 2006-07 calculation based solely on 2005 tax rate
• Compression percentage of 88.67 percent applied
  to 2005 tax rate with up to an additional 4 cents
  available without election
• Higher rate up to 17 cents permitted by rollback
  election

9
Rollback Election 2006-07

• For districts seeking to exceed 4 cent rollback
  limit for 2006-07 school year, rollback election
  date is Saturday, September 30, 2006
• 2006 rollback election cannot be held on any
  other date
• Election must be ordered not later than August
  31, 2006
• If rollback election is to be called, tax rate
  must be set by date rollback election is called

10
Various District Examples
11
Basic MO Tax Rate 2007-08

• Lesser of
• 66.67 percent of 1.50
• Example 1.50 x 0.6667 1.00005, or by TEA
  definition 1.00, or
• Effective rate calculation
• First 4 available without election
• Higher level for districts with less than 1.50
  rate for 2005
• Maximum set at 1.00 17
• Remaining 13 requires election
• Exception for districts with 2005 MO rates
  exceeding 1.50

12
2007-08 Rollback Calculation

• For districts at or below 1.50, the rollback
  rate is the lesser of 1.04 or the effective rate
  plus 0.04
• For districts above 1.50, the rollback rate is
  the lesser of 0.6667 2005 tax rate plus 0.04
  or the effective rate plus 0.04
• Circular provisions in HB 1 make calculation of
  effective rate difficult
• For modeling purposes, we use 0.6667 2005 rate
  plus 0.04

13
Rollback Election 2007-08 and beyond

• For Districts seeking to exceed 4-cent rollback
  limit for 2007-08 school year, rollback election
  date is governed by Tax Code 26.08(b)
• Rollback election must be held between 30 and 90
  days after tax rate set
• If uniform election date, (i.e., 1st Tuesday
  after 1st Monday in Nov.) falls within period,
  election must be held on that date

14
Rollback Election 2007-08 - and beyond, cont.

• Practical effect is that in order to avoid a
  November rollback election, tax rate must be set
  and rollback election called by August 3rd
• Election must be held at least 62 days after
  date election called under Election Code
• 3.005 (earliest possible date October 3)
• 7 days prior to setting tax rate District must
  publish truth-in-taxation notice in local
  newspaper (latest possible date July 27)

15
Rollback Election 2007-08 - and beyond, cont.

• If rollback election is triggered, there must be
  2 public hearings. Tax Code 26.06
• Tax Appraisal certification is due by July 25.
  Tax Code 26.01

16
Over 65 and Disabled Freeze (page 34)

• Requires constitutional amendment
• Homeowners subject to this freeze would only see
  tax reduction if current tax bill at the reduced
  rate results in an amount less than tax freeze
  amount
• This is more likely to be issue with 0.50
  reduction in 2007-08
• Possibility of this item being emergency
  legislation during 80th Legislature so that a May
  election can be held to grant a reduction in
  current freeze levels

17
Publication of Budgets (page 48)

• Requires districts to post on its website (or in
  central office) a proposed budget summary with
  publication of the notice of the budget
• Must include aggregate per student spending on
  instruction, instructional support, central
  administration, district operations, and any
  other category designated by commissioner
• Must also provide comparison of proposed budget
  to prior years budget
• Must separate MO and IS tax rate

18
Possible Function Groups for Aggregate per
Student Spending

• Instruction 11 (instruction), 12 (instructional
  resources), 13 (curriculum and staff development)
• Instructional Support 21 (instructional
  leadership), 23 (school leadership), 31 (guidance
  counseling), 32 (social work), 33 (health
  services), 36 (extracurricular activities), 61
  (community services), 95 (JJAEPs)
• Central Administration 41 (central
  administration)
• District Operations 34 (transportation), 35
  (food services), 51 plant maintenance, 52
  (security), 53 (data processing)

19
The Allocation of Texas Public School Expenditures
20
3. HB 1 FINANCE-RELATED PROVISIONS

• Formula Elements
• Hold Harmless Basic Level
• Hold Harmless Adjustments
• Yield for First 4
• Yield for Additional Tax Increases

21
Formula Elements (pages 1-4)

• Guaranteed yield, basic allotment, and equalized
  wealth level all reset at 88th percentile
  (estimated at 319,500 per WADA)
• Resulting increases (2006-07)
• guaranteed yield from 27.14 to 31.95
• basic allotment from 2,537 to 2,748
• equalized wealth from 305,000 to 319,500
• Austin ISD yield 41.21

22
Projected 2007-08 Yields

• 88th percentile yield 35.24 (MCA)
• AISD yield 43.08 (MCA)
• Basic Allotment 3,031 (MCA)

23
Hold Harmless Basic Level (page 6)

• Revenue set to best of
• 2005-06 revenue per WADA (local taxes recapture
  state aid)
• 2006-07 revenue per WADA at 2005-06 tax rate
• 2006-07 revenue per WADA at 2006-07 effective tax
  rate under truth-in-taxation

24
Hold Harmless Adjustments (page 6)

• Basic level adjusted for
• Pay raise
• 2,500 per teacher, counselor, nurse, librarian
• High school allotment
• 275 per ADA in 9-12

25
Chapter 42 (Base Formula Revenue)
26
Chapter 42 Additional Formula (b)
27
Chapter 42 Additional Formula (c, maximum tax)
28
Chapter 41
29
Chapter 41 Additional Formula (b)
30
Chapter 41 Additional Formula (c, maximum tax)
31
Hold Harmless, cont.

• Revenue limitation (claw back) - reduction of
  formula funds to basic hold harmless level pay
  raise and high school allotment funds
• Appears to apply to increases associated with
  changes in the basic allotment, guaranteed yield
  and equalized wealth level
• Reduced for tax effort below 88.67 percent /
  66.67 percent of 2005-06

32
Hold Harmless, cont

• The hold harmless calculation includes
• the 110 per WADA that districts currently
  receive
• for chapter 42 districts that participated in a
  chapter 41 agreement in 2005-06, the amount of
  any gain that district received as a result of
  the agreement (minus any payment to a third
  party)adjusted for 1.50
• any adjustments made for declining ADA
• any adjustments made for declining property
  values
• any adjustments made due to protests by a major
  tax payer

33
Hold Harmless, cont.

• Outside hold harmless technology allotment,
  wage increase for support staff, grant programs,
  penalty and interest on local tax collections,
  investment income, Educator Excellence funding

34
Basic Level Revenue Examples
35
Yield for First 4

• Yield for first 4 of additional tax effort set
  to higher of
• Austin ISD yield 41.21 or actual revenue level
• Available without election, regardless of year
  chosen
• No recapture permitted
• Estimated cost to state 463.3 million
• Total revenue 951.9 million

36
Yield for Additional Tax Increases (2006-07
2007-08)

• Yield for additional tax effort after first 4
  set to
• 31.95 per WADA per penny of tax effort
• Available with election, except for certain
  districts with sub 1.50 current tax effort
• Recapture required for district with greater than
  319,500 per WADA

37
Additional 2 in 2008-09

• Austin ISD yield for total of 6 in 2008-09
• No recapture
• Voter approval required, in some circumstances it
  may be possible to access this without an election

38
Other Finance Issues

• TIF/TIRZ Payments
• Wages for Support Staff
• Textbook Proclamations
• PK Eligibility
• Repeal of Payment Delay

39
4. HB 1 EDUCATIONAL EMPLOYEES

• Teacher Pay Increase
• Health Care Supplement
• Educator Excellence Award Program
• School Leadership Pilot Program
• Mentors

40
Teacher Pay Increase (page 91)

• 2,000 net pay increase for teachers/
  counselors/nurses/librarians (composed of 2,500
  pay increase and elimination of 500 health care
  supplement)
• Based on 2005-06 salary schedule, applied to
  2006-07 school year
• Health care supplement transferred to pay
  increase for personnel other than teachers,
  counselors, nurses, librarians
• 802 million 2006-07
• States contribution to TRS 41-44 million

41
Pay Raise, cont.

• Each district is required to add an additional
  250 per month to local salary schedules
• (2,750 for 11 month and 3,000 for 12 month)
• Funding provided in target revenue 2,500
  multiplied by number of full-time teachers,
  counselors, nurses, and librarians
• Based on SB 4 (1999) precedent step increases
  provided in the 2005-06 salary schedule must be
  provided to the employees in addition to the 250
  per month, regardless of whether district did not
  intend to provide for step increases prior to HB 1

42
Student Achievement Program (page 99)

• 100 million grant program for 2006-07
• Requires appropriation in 2007-08
• Only campuses in top half with respect to
  students who are economically disadvantaged, and
  rated academically acceptable or better are
  eligible
• 75 percent of award to be used for teacher pay of
  3,000 to 10,000
• Can only be awarded to teachers who demonstrate
  improved student achievementmust take into
  account teachers assignment
• Plans developed by campus-level decision-making
  body

43
Educator Excellence Program (page 105)

• Establishes fund of 1,000 per classroom teacher
  in state (840 in 2007-08)
• Requires appropriation
• 60 percent of awards must be used for classroom
  teachers with improved student achievement
• Remaining awards can be used for stipends for
  mentors, shortage area teachers, post-graduate
  degrees
• Districts must apply for funding
• 261 million in 2008, increasing to 328 million
  by 2011

44
Mentors (page 98)

• Allows district to provide for mentor teachers
• Allows funds appropriated to program to be used
  for stipends, mentor training, and time for
  mentor teachers to provide mentoring
• 13.3 million in 2007

45
5. HB 1 SCHOOL DISTRICT EFFICIENCY

• FIRST
• Shared Services
• Internal Auditor
• Review of the Accounting System and Software
• Spending Targets

46
Change in FIRST (page 48)

• Financial accountability rating system must
• distinguish among school districts based on
  levels of financial performance
• include procedures to provide additional
  transparency to public education finance and
  enable the commissioner and school district
  administrators to provide meaningful financial
  oversight and improvement

47
Shared Services (page 46)

• Allows commissioner to include an indicator in
  FIRST that measures the effectiveness of
  administrative management through the use of
  cooperative shared service arrangements, if
  feasible (Dec. 2006 determination for 2007-08
  school year)
• Also allows commissioner to require a district or
  charter to enter into shared administrative
  service arrangement if the district receives a
  failing rating under FIRST
• Requires Service Centers to notify districts of
  opportunities available and assist school boards
  with these opportunities

48
Internal Auditors (page 48)

• If a district employs an internal auditor, the
  board of trustees shall select the auditor and
  the auditor shall report directly to the board

49
Review of Accounting System (page 49)

• Commissioner to contract with third party to
  review or make recommendations on accounting
  system, including
• Review of accounting system to ensure more
  transparency and more thorough information on
  campus spending
• Facilitate program evaluations (including comp.
  ed.)
• Adjust reporting requirements based on district
  size
• Report due to Legislature January 2007
• 300,000 in 2007

50
Evaluation of Accounting Software (page 50)

• No later than January 2007 the commissioner shall
  submit a report to Legislature on the benefits
  providing school districts with standardized
  accounting software
• Report shall include potential cost savings,
  accountability benefits, and any personnel
  required for implementation
• 2 million in 2007

51
Spending Targets (page 51)

• Requires commissioner to annually establish and
  publish spending targets for each district
  (2006-07)
• Targets will be based on best practices of
  school districts and campuses
• Categories to include instruction, central
  administration, district operation, and any other
  category determined by commissioner
• Boards that choose to exceed limits must adopt
  and publish a resolution justifying the action
• 1.1 million in 2007, 100,000 per year
  thereafter

52
6. Beyond School Finance

• Elections
• School District Efficiency
• New Accountability Provisions
• Expanded Role of TEA
• High School Completion College Readiness
  Programs
• Miscellaneous

53
School Board Elections Generally (page 141)

• Board Elections Must be held on the same date
  in the same place as municipal elections unless
  they already coincide with federal elections
  (Effective for 2006-07 elections, upon
  preclearance of Justice Dept.)
• If no municipality, move to November election
  date (county/state)
• Board terms are required to be adjusted to
  accommodate new election date and lengthening
  terms from May to November is permissible

54
Districts Located Within City Limits

• District chooses the municipality within the
  school district to hold joint elections, but
  municipality chooses election date
• Early voting may be conducted jointly
• Voters may be served by a common polling place or
  at locations outside the boundary of the election
  precinct or political subdivision if the location
  can adequately and conveniently serve the voters

55
Districts Not Within City Limits

• If a district is not located within city limits,
  it must move its election to the 1st Tuesday
  after the 1st Monday in November to coincide with
  county election date
• Election will be held jointly with county
• Early voting may be conducted jointly
• Voters may be served by a common polling place or
  at a location outside the boundary of the
  election precinct or political subdivision if the
  location can adequately and conveniently serve
  the voters

56
Education Research Centers (page 40)

• Commissioner and the THECB are authorized to
  establish three centers for education research
• Centers must conduct research on impact of state
  and federal programs, educator preparation
  programs, school finance, and best practices
• Agency funding limited to start up costs
• Centers may accept grants, gifts, and fees

57
Public Access to PEIMS Data (page 43)

• TEA must extend RFP to develop and implement a
  Web-based process that makes available all
  financial and academic performance data submitted
  through PEIMS for districts and campuses
• Commissioner to receive input on requirements
  from an advisory panel comprised of educators,
  stakeholders, business leaders, and other
  interested parties
• Results should be summarized and easily
  understood by the public
• Implementation by August 2007

58
Electronic Student Record System (page 52)

• Requires school districts, open-enrollment
  charter schools, and higher education to
  participate
• Enables electronic transfer of students course
  or grade completion, teachers of record,
  assessment results, special education services
  received, and personal graduation plans
• To be implemented for 2007-08 school year

59
Best Practices Clearinghouse (page 45)

• TEA and LBB to establish online clearinghouse and
  make the information available to school
  districts
• Third-party to develop and maintain system (RFP)
• Examples of best practices solicited from LBB,
  Education Research Centers, Exemplary
  Recognized Districts, Campuses, and charter
  schools
• Best Practices related to
• Instruction
• School finance
• Resource allocation
• Business practices
• Compensation and incentive systems

60
Uniform School Start Date (page 138)

• School start date is the 4th Monday in August
• No end date
• No waiver option, unless district operates a
  year-round program
• Effective for the 2007-08 school year
• Does not apply to charters

61
Optional Flexible School Day (page 123)

• For students in grades 9-12 who are dropouts or
  at risk of dropping out, or attend a campus that
  is implementing innovative redesign or early
  college plan
• Provides flexibility in the number of hours per
  day a student can attend
• Provides flexibility in the number of days a
  student can attend
• Students can enroll on a full-time or part-time
  basis
• Allows accumulation of instructional time to earn
  state funding

62
End-of-Course Assessments (page 126)

• Requires TEA to ensure that any end-of-course
  test developed must, to the extent practicable,
  be used to determine placement in higher
  education courses with the same subject matter
• No new tests, other than current law

63
Student Transfers (page 142)

• If a student is transferred to another campus for
  special education services, another student
  living in the same household must be allowed to
  attend the same school
• Applies only if appropriate grade level is
  offered at that campus
• Excludes residential facility
• Transportation not required

64
Bilingual Education/Special Language Programs
(page 58)

• Specifies that transfers out of a program may
  occur more than once
• TEA must approve tests
• Establishes detailed procedures for evaluating
  students who transfer out of program (performance
  on TAKS, grades, number of credits earned toward
  graduation, etc.)
• The evaluation must occur within the first two
  years after the student is transferred out of a
  program

65
Accountability Provisions Under HB 1

• Academic Excellence Indicators
• Measure of Annual Improvement in Student
  Achievement
• Changes related to challenges of accountability
  ratings and sanctions
• Accreditation

66
Academic Excellence Indicators (page 63)

• Two new indicators added to AEIS
• Measurement of progress toward preparation for
  postsecondary success
• Performance data on reading proficiency in
  English and one other language to calculate
  toward progress toward dual language
  proficiency
• Disaggregated student data
• Collect in 2007-08 evaluate in 2008-09

67
Annual Improvement in Student Performance (page
59)

• Commissioner must determine method for measuring
  annual improvement in student achievement on
  assessment instrument
• TEA will determine expected level of annual
  improvement and report whether a student fell
  below, met, or exceeded the agencys expectation
  for improvement
• Additionally, TEA will determine the necessary
  annual improvement for a student to be prepared
  to pass the exit-level assessment required for
  graduation and report whether at student fell
  below, met or exceeded the target
• Begins with 2007-08 school year

68
Challenging Accountability Ratings and Sanctions
(page 86)

• Commissioner to establish a process for
  challenging academic or financial accountability
  ratings
• Commissioner appoints advisory committee to make
  recommendations on a challenge (could be limited
  to a written submission)
• Commissioners decision is final and may not be
  appealed to district court

69
Sanctions for Closure or Alternative Management
(page 87)

• District or charter school that seeks to appeal a
  decision related to closure or alternative
  management may appeal to the State Office of
  Administrative Hearings (SOAH)
• Decision by SOAH is final and may not be appealed
  to district court

70
Accreditation (page 64)

• HB 1 added 3 levels of accreditation
• Accredited
• Accredited-warned
• Accredited-probation
• Based on financial and academic ratings
• A district on warned or probationary status must
  notify parents and property owners of status
• Commissioner may revoke accreditation and close
  district
• If not accredited a district is prohibited from
  acting as a public school receive no state aid

71
District Sanctions (page 64 )

• Districts failing to satisfy accreditation
  criteria, academic performance standards, or any
  financial accountability standard
• Public notice, hearings, improvement plan
• On-site investigation
• Agency monitor
• Conservator
• Management team (non-profit or other school
  district)
• Board of managers

72
Academically Unacceptable Campuses (Page 71)

• A campus is considered academically unacceptable
  if performance is below any standard under Sec.
  39.073(b)
• Commissioner may permit innovative design or
  require any of the following actions
• Public notice, hearings, parental involvement,
  district and campus-level planning, improvement
  plan, campus intervention team

73
Technical Assistance/Campus Intervention Teams
(page 75)

• In 2006-07, commissioner shall assign a campus
  intervention team or technical assistance team to
  a campus based on 2005-06 rating
• Technical assistance team must be appointed to a
  campus that is rated academically acceptable in
  current year but would be rated unacceptable the
  following year
• If a campus is rated unacceptable for two
  consecutive years, commissioner must order
  reconstitution

74
Continued Intervention (page 79)

• Campus intervention teams determine which
  employees would be retained
• Principals could not be retained unless
  commissioner approves
• Teachers teaching subjects tested on assessment
  can only be retained if the team determines
  significant academic improvement by students
  taught by the teacher

75
Continued Intervention (page 79)

• Intervention teams remain in place until campus
  is rated academically acceptable for two
  consecutive years unless commissioner determines
  after one year success is likely
• Commissioner must seek outside management if a
  campus is rated academically unacceptable for two
  years after the intervention team

76
Alternative Management (page 81)

• Proposals from qualified non-profit entities
• Another school district within same ESC
• Performance contract no more than 5 years
• For specific condition, academically unacceptable
  campus may receive one year waiver and contract
  for technical assistance

77
Professional Services (page 85)

• In addition to other sanctions, commissioner may
  order district or campus to acquire professional
  services at district or campus expense to address
  applicable financial, assessment, data quality,
  program or governance deficiency

78
College Readiness

• End of Course Assessments
• P-16 College Readiness Strategic Plan
• Programs to Enhance student success
• Higher education course redesign

79
High School Completion and Success College
Readiness (page 126)

• TEA must develop standards, provide guidance and
  identify exceptional programs
• Use of high school allotment
• Effective 2006-07
• Rulemaking required

80
Four Years of Math Science (page 122)

• Recommended and advanced curriculum must include
  four years of math and science (four courses in
  each subject of the foundation school curriculum)
• Required for those students entering the 9th
  grade in 2007-08

81
College Credit for High School Students (page 122)

• All school districts must provide an opportunity
  for students to earn twelve hours of college
  credit by the Fall of 2008
• Upon request, a public institution of higher
  education must assist a school district in
  developing and implementing

82
High School Allotment (page 126)

• 275 per ADA for grades 9-12
• Districts will need to report expenditures in
  similar manner as special program allotments

83
High School Allotment Cont. (page 126)

• Must use funds to
• Implement college readiness programs for
  underachieving students
• Implement programs that encourage students to
  pursue advanced academic opportunities (AP, dual
  credit, IB)
• Implement programs that encourage students to
  take academically rigorous courses (4yrs math
  science)
• Implement program that aligns curriculum for
  grades 6-12 with postsecondary curriculum and
  expectations
• Other high school completion programs approved by
  commissioner

84
Anaphylaxis Medication (page 140)

• Extends self-administration of prescription
  medication by students to include medication for
  anaphylaxis
• Student must demonstrate skill to administer and
  must be authorized by physician or health care
  provider
• Effective beginning with the 2006-07 school year

85
School Breakfast Lunch Program (page 38)

• TDA, TEA and the Health and Human Services
  Commission must ensure that applicable
  information obtained by each entity is used
  quarterly to identify children who are eligible
  for free or reduced-price breakfast and lunch.
• TDA will determine if it is feasible for
  districts to verify student eligibility through
  direct verification of information maintained
  under the food stamp and Medicaid programs

86
Texas Governors School (page 124)

• TEA may select a public senior college or
  university to administer a summer residential
  program for high achieving high school students
• Curricula may include math, science, humanities,
  leadership, and public policy
• Program must be at least 3 weeks

87
Technology Immersion Pilot (page 145)

• Project was created in 2003 to study the use of
  technology in participating schools and districts
• Extends the program to 2011
• Removes the provision prohibiting TEA from
  spending more 1 million on the project
• Allows use of undedicated and un-obligated
  general revenue funds for the program no
  appropriation

88
Miscellaneous Provisions

• Joint Interim Committee to Review State
  Assessment
• Appointed by Speaker and Lt. Governor
• Study impact on quality of instruction, teacher
  morale, and student motivation
• Report due to legislature by September 2007
• TEA Sunset
• Extends sunset review process of TEA to 2012

89
7. FISCAL OUTLOOK AND 80TH SESSSION

• Appropriations
• State Finances
• 80th Legislative Session

90
Appropriations

• House Bill 1
• 2006-07 fiscal note 3.922 billion
• Property tax reduction 2.148 billion
• Additional education spending 1.774 billion
• 3.825 billion appropriation to TEA for 2007 97
  million short
• TEA is directed to come up with funding plan
• Plan to be approved by the Governor and LBB
• Look to federal funds and other sources to fill
  gap
• Textbook Costs of 294.5 million (unresolved)
• Initial 2008-09 state agency budget requests to
  be based on 10 reduction
• Constitutional limit on growth in appropriations
  to be a factor in 2008-09 appropriations debate

91
States Fiscal OutlookUnder HB 1(Amounts in
Millions)
92
(No Transcript)
93
Issues for the 80th Session

• State financial plan
• Special Session Leftovers
• Tax rates, Tax freeze, Appraisal caps
• Financial accountability studies
• Hold harmless issues
• Adequacy challenge
• Interim charges
• Facilities
• Accountability review
• Ethics
• TRS

94

• Johnny L. Veselka
• Executive Director
• Amy Beneski
• Associate Executive Director
• Governmental Relations
• J. David Thompson, III
• TASA Legislative Consultant
• Partner, Bracewell Giuliani LLP
• Houston, TX
• 406 East 11th Street
• Austin, TX 78701
• 512/477-6361 FAX [phone]
• www.TASAnet.org

95

• Lynn M. Moak Joe Wisnoski
• Amanda Brownson, PhD
• Associates
• Daniel T. Casey Bob Popinski
• Research Analyst
• Partners Kathy Mathias
• Larry Groppel
• Consultants
• 1801 N. Lamar Blvd., Suite 202
• Austin, Texas 78701-1050
• 512/485-7878 512/485-7888 (fax)
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