Running Water

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Running Water
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Running water

• Water as an agent of erosion water in streams,
  tributaries (larger streams) and rivers that flow
  down hill therefore changing the landscape
  (erosion)

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Running water

• Abrasion wearing away of rock by grinding action

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3 ways rock is carried by water

• Solution mineral matter dissolved from bedrock
  is carried in a river (25)

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3 ways rock is carried by water

• Suspension small rock materials, silt and clay,
  carried by a river are stirred up kept from
  sinking by the turbulence of stream flow (50)

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3 ways rock is carried by water

• Bed Load sand, gravel, pebbles, and boulders
  that are moved along the bed of a stream that
  are too heavy to be carried in suspension (25)

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• Carrying Power how much total sediments a
  stream can carry and the size of the particles
  being carried by the stream at given time and
  stream velocity

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• Discharge volume of water flowing past a given
  point in a stream at a given time

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• Stream features depend on 3 major things
• 1. The type of rock being eroded.
• 2. The amount of water sediment
• 3. The climate of the area

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• Base Level the level of the body of water into
  which a stream flows

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• Gully a miniature valley formed by erosion from
  heavy rains

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• Headward Erosion wearing away of land at the
  head of a gully or a stream valley

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More Headward Erosion
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Divide the higher land separating two adjacent
drainage basins

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Continental Divide

• made of Rocky Mountains and Sierra Madre
  Occidental Mountains
• Streams on the East drain into the Atlantic Ocean
  or Gulf of Mexico
• Streams to the West drain into the Pacific

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• Stream Velocity the speed of water at a given
  point at a given time
• Drainage system - Streams flow into larger
  streams (tributaries), which flow into rivers,
  which flow into oceans cumulative denotes a
  drainage system

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• Drainage Basin (watershed) an area of land
  whos runoff supplies water to the stream of a
  drainage system - area drained by a river system

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• Stream Piracy the diversion of the upper part
  of one stream by the headward growth of another
  stream

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• Water Gap a pass
• in a mountain
• ridge through
• which a
• stream flows,
• created by
• resistant rock
• layers

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Life of a River

• A Youthful Stream
• Narrow V-shaped valley
• Down cutting
• Swift water
• Steep gradient
• Erosion is dominant

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• Mature Stream
• Lateral Erosion begins
• Meanders develop
• Floodplains develop
• Gradient lowers

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• Old Age
• Wide meanders and oxbow lakes
• Wide floodplain
• Low velocity
• Low gradient
• Dynamic equilibrium between erosion and
  deposition

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Flow speed

• High velocity (erosion)
• Outside of curve
• Middle of surface
• Well below the surface
• Increase in discharge
• Increases with increase
• in gradient

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Flow speed

• Low velocity (deposition)
• Inside of curve
• Edges of river surface
• Decrease in discharge
• Decreases with decrease in gradient

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• Flash Flood a sudden rush of water, usually
  caused by a single cloudburst over the narrow
  valley of a young mountain stream

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• 3 Common types of natural dams
• A. landslides
• B. ice jams ?
• C. volcanoes

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• 3 Common types of artificial flood control
• A. build up levees
• B. pump rising water into back swamp
  reservoirs
• C. build a series of dams and control the
  overall flow of the river

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Features
Meander a curve in a mature or old stream
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• Mississippi River

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Features

• Oxbow Lake crescent- shaped lake formed when a
  river meander gets cut off from the river and the
  ends of the original bend have silted up
• Erosion on the outside bend of a river
• Deposition of the inside bend of a river

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Features

• Floodplain the broad flat valley floor carved
  by a meandering stream and often covered with
  water when a stream floods
• Levee a natural or artificial bank confining a
  stream or river channel

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• Pothole deep oval or circular holes cut into a
  stream bed by abrasion from swirling sand
  pebbles. Very large ones are called plunge pools

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• Delta a fan-shaped deposit of sediment formed
  at the mouth of a stream or river when it flows
  into a quiet body of water, such as a lake, gulf,
  or inland sea (ex. Mississippi Nile river
  deltas)

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Laizhou Bay (Laizhou Wan) is the southern arm of
the Bohai Sea (also Known as the Bohai Bay, or
just Bo Hai), which is a large relatively shallow
extension of the Korea Bay
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• Nile River Delta

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• Alluvial Fan sloping triangular deposits of
  sediment located where a mountain stream reaches
  level land (ex. At the foot of the Rocky
  Mountains and the Sierra Nevadas)

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Online quiz

• http//www.uh.edu/jbutler/physical/chap13mult.htm
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