Notes: Genetic Engineering

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Notes Genetic Engineering
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Genetic Engineering

• Changing the DNA of an organism
• Example making plants insect resistant
• They took the genes of a plant that naturally
  produces insect-killing chemicals then inserted
  these genes into the DNA of a crop plant (corn)
  that is not insect resistant. The corn plant
  then starts to produce insect-killing chemicals
  when it normally wouldnt.

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Genetic Engineering can be used to

• Introduce new traits into an organism
• Adds nutrients to food, increase growth rate in
  crops, produce plants that make more fruit or
  grow in different climates
• Produce new medicines, foods, fabrics
• Identify individuals (help solve crimes)
• Clone (making an exact copy) genes as well as
  organisms
• Sequence the genome (genetic material)
• Detect genetic disorders

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Human Genome Project

• Goal to map the entire order of the 3 billion
  ATGCs of DNA found in humans

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Gene Therapy

• When a defective gene is removed from a patients
  DNA and replaced with a healthy gene

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The risks of Genetic Engineering

• Many scientists think that the benefits outweighs
  the risks, you decide for yourself

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DNA Fingerprinting

• Is unique for every individual, except identical
  twins

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Now lets read the DNA Fingerprinting article and
answer some questions

• What can a DNA fingerprint be used for?
• Tie a person to the scene of a crime
• Prevent the wrong person from going to jail
• Identify skeletal remains

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• What samples can they use from a person to make a
  DNA fingerprint?
• Saliva
• Blood
• Bones
• Teeth
• Other fluids or tissues from cells

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• Describe the steps in making a DNA fingerprint.
• A sample of DNA is cut into small pieces
• The cut up DNA are loaded into a gel that use
  electricity to separate the DNA pieces
• Once the DNA pieces are separated by size, the
  gel is stained so you can see the DNA

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Suspect 1
DNA at crime scene
Suspect 2
Suspect 3
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Suspect 1
DNA at crime scene
Suspect 2
Suspect 3
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Suspect 1
DNA at crime scene
Suspect 2
Suspect 3
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Suspect 1
DNA at crime scene
Suspect 2
Suspect 3
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Suspect 1
DNA at crime scene
Suspect 2
Suspect 3
Suspect 2, because all of his bands match the
DNA found at the crime scene
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Mom
Child
Dad
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Mom
Child
Dad
The child shares a mix of bands from mom and dad