CNS

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The Canadian Nuclear Society

• People supporting applied nuclear science
  technology
• Communication on technical nuclear issues
• Independent no corporate, government mandate
• Established 1979, independently incorporated 1998

Media
Scientists Engineers
Decision Makers
Educators
CNS
FREEMEMBERSHIP
Students
Administrators
Nuclear Operators
Interested Public
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Canadian Nuclear Science and Technology Innovatio
n and Excellence for over 60 years
Dr. George LaurenceCanadian Nuclear
Pioneer National Research Council, Ottawa, 1940
Record-breaking twin CANDUs at Qinshan, China,
2003
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CANDU One of Canadas top ten engineering
achievements of the past century
Canadian engineering centennial, 1987
Pickering, Ontario
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In the beginning
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1898-1907
Ernest Rutherford

• at McGill University
• describes radioactivity
• Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1908

(1871 - 1937)
McGill University,1905
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If it were ever possible to control at will the
rate of disintegration of the radio-elements, an
enormous amount of energy could be obtained from
a small amount of matter
Ernest Rutherford, Montreal, 1904
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1932
James Chadwick
(1891 - 1974)

• discoverer of the neutron, 1932
• Nobel Prize in Physics, 1935

• start of the Neutron Transmutation
  bandwagon

?
protons
neutrons
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The energy produced by the breaking down of the
atom is a very poor kind of thing. Anyone who
expects a source of power from the transformation
of these atoms is talking moonshine
Sir Ernest Rutherford, London, 1933
(1871 - 1937)
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1939

• January FISSION !

(Hahn, Strassmann, Meitner, Frisch)
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1940
Have heavy water, will travel

• French heavy-water research evades the Nazis
  to the U.K., and subsequently to Canada (1942)

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1940-1942
George Laurence
(1905 - 1987)

• First fission experiments in Canada and the
  world, 1940-42
• National Research Council, Ottawa

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1942-1944
Montreal Group (U. of Montreal)
Mandate heavy-water plutonium-production
reactor for the Manhattan
Project
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1944
Chalk River Laboratories
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Chalk River Laboratories
(today)
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1945
ZEEP first reactor in the worldoutside the
U.S.A.
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Canada in 1945

• Second largest nuclear infrastructure on the
  planet
• Atomic bomb knowledge
• World experts on heavy-water reactor
• Uranium supplies
• Worlds most powerful research reactor (NRX)
  under construction

WHERE TO GO FROM HERE?
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Canadas Choice Peaceful Applications of
Nuclear Energy
NRX (1947)
NRU (1957)
A Mecca for nuclear research
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1951
COBALT CANCER THERAPY
The Atom Bomb That Saves Lives
MacLeans Magazine
University of Saskatchewan
University of Western Ontario
FIRST PATIENT 27 Oct, 1951
FIRST PATIENT 8 Nov, 1951
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1952
Government creates Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.
Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.
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1950s
Triple Axis Spectrometer, 1958
Bertram Brockhouse
(Nobel Prize in Physics, 1994)
Tandem Accelerator, 1959
Ted Litherland, Allan Bromley, Harry Gove
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A Canadian Gift to the World Cancer Therapy
and Nuclear Medicine
1950s
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1962
NUCLEAR POWER DEMONSTRATION
(Rolphton, Ont.)
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2004
CANDU Reactors Around the World Operating Under
Construction or Refurbishment
Canada (22)
Romania (2)
South Korea (4)
China (2)
Pakistan (1)
India (2)
Argentina (1)
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Pickering, Ontario(1971-73, 1983-86)
Darlington, Ontario (1990-93)
Nuclear Power Demonstration (NPD), Ontario (1962)
Bruce, Ontario(1977-79, 1985-87)
CANDUinCanada
Douglas Point, Ontario (1966)
Gentilly 1 and 2, Quebec(1971, 1983)
Pt. Lepreau, New Brunswick(1983)
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Wolsong, South Korea(1982, 1997-99)
Embalse, Argentina (1984)
Qinshan, China(2002-03)
Cernavoda, Romania(1996, 2006, ?)
CANDUaroundthe world
Kanupp, Pakistan (1972)
Rajasthan, India (1973, 1982)
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