Transcription and Translation

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Transcriptionand Translation
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A. Transcription

• 1. Process of copying genetic information from
  DNA to RNA

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• 2. Location
• Takes place in the nucleus
• 3. Scale
• At the molecular level

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B. The Process

• 1. DNA molecule unwinds and the bonds between
  nucleotides break

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• 2. RNA nucleotide bases are added to the template
  strand of DNA
• 3. Here is what it looks like animation!

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• Both molecules are released and mRNA goes from
  nucleus to cytoplasm where

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C. Translation Happens

• 1. The process by which mRNA is translated into
  proteins
• 2. The mRNA enters the cytoplasm where it is
  read by ribosomes click!

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• 3. The ribosome has 3 sites
• a. 1 for the mRNA codon
• b. 2 for the anticodon and a tRNA (transfer RNA)

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• c. 3 for the growing polypeptide chain and a
  tRNA
• 4. Each tRNA transports a specific amino acid to
  where the ribosome is attached to the mRNA
  click!

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• 5. The anticodon connects with its complementary
  codon in site 2
• 6. The ribosome moves one codon over

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• 7. Now the tRNA is in site 3
• 8. A new tRNA brings its amino acid to site 2
  click!

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• 9. The ribosome moves over again and the old tRNA
  leaves the ribosome
• and transfers the growing protein to the new tRNA

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• 10. Eventually the ribosome reaches a stop codon
  and the protein is complete
• click!