STAINED GLASS TO CANCER TREATMENT

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STAINED GLASS TO CANCER TREATMENT?

• Nanotechnology then and now!

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SIMILAR.YET VERY DIFFERENT
Depiction of a forest glass shop from Sir John
Mandeville's Travels, dated 1420 1450. British
Library, London
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SIMILAR.YET VERY DIFFERENT
Depiction of a forest glass shop from Sir John
Mandeville's Travels, dated 1420 1450. British
Library, London
Both show NANOTECHNOLOGISTS!!
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WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?
Nanotechnology is the understanding and control
of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100
nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel
applications. Encompassing nanoscale science,
engineering and technology, nanotechnology
involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and
manipulating matter at this length
scale. --National Nanotechnology Initiative
(2003)
But what does that mean?
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WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?

• The nanometer is extremely small.
• At the nanometer scale, many materials behave
  differently.
• We can harness this new behavior to make new
  technologies.

How small is extremely small?
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EXACTLY HOW SMALL IS NANO?
1/100th of a meter (centimeter)
meter
1/1000th of a meter (millimeter)
1/10th of a meter
All these are still visible with your eyes.
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..SMALLER THAN YOU CAN SEE!
Nanoscale objects are 1,000 times SMALLER!!!
6-8 µm
One-millionth of meter (micrometer)
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..SMALLER THAN YOU CAN SEE!
A nanometer is one-BILLIONTH of a meter!!
Buckyball 1 nm
Atoms lt1 nm
Viruses 3-50 nm
Nanotube 1 nm
DNA 2.5 nm
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MEDIEVAL NANOTECHNOLOGISTS

• Recipe for Stained glass
• Sand
• Chemicals to lower the melting point of sand
• Sodium carbonate (soda ash)
• Calcium oxide (lime)
• Chemicals to create the color
• Lots of heat!
• Mixture becomes molten at 1500 F

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THINGS ARE DIFFERENT..
Size really does matter!
Bulk
Nano
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THINGS ARE DIFFERENT..
Size really does matter!
Bulk
Nano
Nanoparticles interact differently with light.
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CHANGING THE SIZE OF THE GOLD PARTICLES AFFECTS
THEIR COLOR
Size25 nm Shape spherical Color RED
Size50 nm Shape spherical Color GREEN
Size100 nm Shape spherical Color ORANGE
Chang, Kenneth. Tiny is Beautiful Translating
Nano Into Practical. New York Times 22 Feb
2005 Science.
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CHANGING THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE SILVER
PARTICLES AFFECTS THEIR COLOR
Size100 nm Shape triangular Color RED
Size100 nm Shape spherical Color YELLOW
Size40 nm Shape spherical Color BLUE
Chang, Kenneth. Tiny is Beautiful Translating
Nano Into Practical. New York Times 22 Feb
2005 Science.
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GOLD NANOPARTICLES TODAY
glass bead

• How does it work?
• Nanoshells absorb infrared light, which causes
  them to heat up.
• Infrared light does not harm healthy tissue.
• Nanoshells are coated with molecules that target
  cancer cells.
• Increasing the temperature of the cancer cells by
  more than 54F kills them

N. Halas, J. West (Rice University) Hirsch , et
al. PNAS. 10013549 (2003)
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SILVER NANOPARTICLES TODAY

• Silver nanoparticles are used to kill bacteria
  in
• Athletic apparel
• Socks
• Refrigerators
• Plastic containers
• Washing machines

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YOUR TURN!
You
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YOUR TURN!

• Two Activities
• Collaborative Stained glass panel
• (color in the pattern using the dropper as a
  paint brush)
• Take home your own stained glass window
• (snip off some pieces of stained glass and
  laminate them in the card)

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• Thank you!

This project was supported by the National
Science Foundation under Grant No. ESI-0532536.
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or
recommendations are those of the author and do
not necessarily reflect the views of the
Foundation.