451418607 Land Administration

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451-418/607 Land Administration
The Cadastral Concept

• Prof. Ian Williamson
• March 2nd 2006

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Objective

• To understand the role of the cadastre in the
  administration of a state or jurisdiction, its
  operation and components.

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History of cadastres

• Egyptians 3000BC
• Italy 1600BC
• Roman Empire 300AD
• Doomsday Book (William the Conqueror) 1076
• Maria Theresia Cadastre (Austro-Hungarian
  Monarchy ) 1792
• Napoleonic Cadastre 1807

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Egyptian surveyors at work
Source Land Registration and Cadastral Systems
(Gerhard Larsson)
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Plan made about 1600 1400 bc
Source Land Registration and Cadastral Systems
(Gerhard Larsson)
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The cadastral parcel and ownership rights
Source Land Administration (Peter Dale and John
McLaughlin)
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Science Modern cadastres are built according to
scientific standards using rigorous surveying
methods. Measurements and points are capable of
being re-established by similar or better
rigorous processes. People friendly Cadastres
allow people to interpret land information. They
form the basis of land management.
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Extract from Swedish cadastral map
Source Land Registration and Cadastral Systems
(Gerhard Larsson)
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Digital Cadastral Map Switzerland
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Land Administration Project - The Philippines
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The basic building block in any land
administration system is the cadastral parcel.
The cadastre consists of two parts the
registers and the maps.
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PEOPLE
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The definition of cadastre

• A cadastre is the core or basis of a land
  administration system and is defined as a parcel
  based and up-to-date land information system
  containing a record of interests in land (e.g.
  rights, restrictions and responsibilities).
• It usually includes a geometric description of
  land parcels linked to other records describing
  the nature of the interests, and ownership or
  control of those interests, and often the value
  of the parcel and its improvements (FIG, 1995).

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The FIG Statement on the Cadastre highlights its
importance as a land information system for
social and economic development from an
international perspective and recognises the
central role that surveyors play in its
establishment and maintenance. The statement
does not recommend a uniform Cadastre for every
country or jurisdiction, but gives a range of
options for establishing and managing Cadastres.
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Effective land management requires land
information about resource capacity, tenure and
use. The Cadastre is the primary means of
organising land information. The Cadastre
provides -

• information identifying people who have interests
  in parcels
• information about interests (e.g. nature and
  duration of rights, restrictions, and
  responsibilities)
• information about parcels (e.g. their location,
  size, improvements, value).

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Essential elements of a modern cadastre

• Cadastre must be dynamic
• Large scale maps
• Registers
• Cadastre must be complete
• Cadastre must be supported by a coordinated
  survey system
• Each parcel must have a unique identifier
• Cadastre must include an unambiguous definition
  of parcel boundaries both in map form and on the
  ground i.e. cadastral surveys
• Information must be correct
• Information must be public

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A successful Cadastre should provide security of
tenure, be simple and clear, be accessible, and
provide current and reliable information at low
cost.
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Types of cadastres

• Legal cadastre supports land markets
• Fiscal cadastre supports land taxation
• Multi-purpose cadastre

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A MODERN MULTI-PURPOSE CADASTRE HELPS -

• conveyancing system
• cadastral survey system
• land use planning, land management and
  environmental management
• sustainable development
• management of publicly owned lands
• avoidance of duplication
• control of land transactions
• management of land disputes.

PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN LAS
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Cadastral Issues

• Documentation of informal or customary rights
• Land registration (deeds, title, combinations)
• Land titling (sporadic and systematic)
• Parcels and properties
• Boundaries (fixed, graphical, general etc)
• Impact of technology

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The Cadastre is a land information system,
usually managed by one or more government
agencies. Since information about land parcels is
often needed by many different users, a unified
cadastre helps to avoid duplication and assists
in the efficient exchange of information.
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The role of cadastre in society some cadastral
models
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Sustainable Development

• Reference Enemark and Sevantal, 1999

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A parcel based land information systemSource
Ian Williamson
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Multipurpose cadastre components
Tenure and value records
Administrative records
Other parcel-related records
Resources records
Other records related records
Parcel id
Other Identifiers
Cadastral boundary overlay
Other overlays jhgjhjh
Data-exchange
Conventions
Base maps
Geodetic reference framework
Source National Research Council 1980
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The role of the cadastre in the accession of
Central European Countries to the European Union
Source Bogaerts et al, 2002
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CADASTRE 2014

• Translated into 19 languages
• Commission 7, FIG (1994-98)
• Promotes
• multi-purpose cadastres which include all public
  and private rights

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CADASTRE 2014 detected the following trends

• automation and linking of different LA systems
• multi-purpose cadastres (LIS)
• new LA legislation
• integration of different land administration
  organisations
• getting the private sector more involved

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Cadastre 2014 is a methodically arranged public
inventory of data concerning all legal land
objects in certain country or district, based on
a survey of their boundaries. Such legal land
objects are systematically identified by means of
some separate designation. They are defined
either by private or by public law. The outlines
of the property, the identifier together with
descriptive data, may show for each separate land
object the nature, size, value and legal rights
or restrictions associated with the land object.
(Kaufmann and Steudler, 1998)
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Principles highlighted in Cadastre 2014

• Show the complete legal situation of land,
  including public rights and restrictions.
• Separation between maps and registers will be
  abolished.
• Cadastral mapping will be defunct it will be
  replaced by modeling.
• Paper pencil cadastre will be replaced by
  modern technology.
• Cadastre will be highly privatized with public
  and private sector working closely together.
• Procedures for definition of private and public
  land objects will be identical.

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Cadastral Template ProjectTo evaluate and
benchmark cadastral systems world wideCreated by
UN Resolutionwww.cadastraltemplate.org
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www.cadastraltemplate.org
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Australias cadastre in the digital age - Cadlite
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Australias cadastre in the digital age -G-NAF
http//www.g-naf.com.au/about.htm
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Exam Questions

• What is the "cadastral concept"?
• Discuss the role that cadastral systems play in a
  modern Western society