John Deere E diesel Research Program

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John Deere E diesel Research Program

• William Mitchell
• Date Monday, 21 June 2004
  Place Madison, Wisconsin
• Event Governors Ethanol Coalition

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PROGRAM SPONSORS

• Corn Growers from
• Illinois
• Iowa
• Kansas
• Minnesota
• Michigan
• Nebraska
• Ohio
• Kentucky

• John Deere
• Illinois DCEO
• Renewable Fuels
• Association(RFA)
• National Renewable
• Energy
• Laboratory(NREL)
• USDOE
• O2 Diesel Inc.
• GE Betz
• Lubrizol
• State of Minnesota

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E diesel Program
What is E diesel??
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Definition And Key Properties of E diesel Fuel

• E diesel is defined as a blend of up to 15
  anhydrous Ethanol, up to 5 Special Blending
  Additive (with cetane/lubricity enhancer), and at
  least 80 2 diesel fuel.
• The Fuel Blend Has A Lower Pour Point
  Temperature Than Conventional Diesel Fuel.
• Minimum Fuel Oxygen Content 2.7

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• Engine Tests
• 8 Mode Steady State Emissions Test
• Federal Smoke Cycle Test
• Unregulated Emissions Testing
• - (31 potential toxins)
• Durability Tests
• Cold Room Tests

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• Vehicle Tests
• - Further field testing to compliment the work of
  the University of Illinois project
• - Vehicle cold room tests
• - Vehicle hot room tests comparing fuel cooler
  performance/vapor lock effects between 2 diesel
  and E diesel mix
• - Verification work for using E diesel as factory
  fill

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• Vehicle Tests (Continued)
• -Bench test/analysis to evaluate seal/material
  compatibility
• -Analysis on fuel lines, fittings, fuel tank,
  and fuel from field machines
• -Flash/flammability tests, spark arrestors,
  safety verification

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• Engine Tests
• 8 Mode Steady State Emissions test
• Federal Smoke Cycle Test
• Unregulated Emissions Testing
• - (31 potential toxins)
• Durability Tests
• Cold Room Tests

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John Deere E-diesel Research Program

• The research will be performed
  covering
• engine families using three injection
  system
• technologies
• - Rotary
• - High Pressure Common
  Rail (HPCR)
• - Electronic Unit
  Injector(EUI)
• along with fuel additives from our
  major suppliers

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Typical Deere Engine Applications

• 4045H/6068H
• 5000,6000,7000 Series Ag Tractors
• Forestry Skidders/Backhoe/ Tele-Handlers/
  Crawlers/ Excavators/ End Loaders/
• Gen Sets/ Air Compressors/ Fork
  Lifts/Trenchers/Marine

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Typical Deere Engine Applications

• 6081HCombine Harvesters 7000,8000,9000 Series Ag
  Tractors
• Cotton Pickers
• Feller-Bunchers Excavators/Crawlers/ End
  Loaders/ Graders Non-road Trucks
• Gen Sets/ Air compressors/Marine

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Typical Deere Engine Applications

• 6125H
• 9000 Series Ag Tractors/ Forage Harvesters
• Excavators
• Gen Sets/Marine

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Test Fuel Matrix
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Regulated Emissions Overall
Change w/ E diesel
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Regulated Emissions Summary

• All engines w/ all test fuels/additives meet
  EPAs Tier II non-road regulated smoke and
  emissions requirements
• More than 75 of the regulated smoke and
  emissions data for E diesel blends indicated
  improvement
• The reductions of Particulate Matter (PM) and
  visible smoke were significant and consistent for
  the E diesel blends

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• Compound
  Abbreviation
• Individual Hydrocarbons
  (IHC)
• 1,3 Butadiene
• Methane
• Benzene
• Toluene
• Ethylbenzene
• mpXylene
• oXylene
• Hexane
• Methyl ethyl ketone
• Styrene

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• Compound
  Abbreviation
• Soluble Organic Fraction of PM (SOF)
• Aldehydes and Ketones
  (ALD)
• Formaldehyde
• Acetaldehyde
• Acrolein
• Propioandehyde
• Methyl Ethyl Ketone
• Ethanol (ETH)
• 1-Nitropyrene (nPAH)

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• Compound
  Abbreviation
• Individual PAH
  (PAH)
• Naphthalene
• Acenaphthene
• Acenaphthylene
• Fluorene
• Phenanthrene
• Anthracene
• Fluoranthene
• Pyrene
• Benzo(a)anthracene
• Chrysene
• Benzo(b)fluoranthene
• Benzo(k)fluoranthene
• Benzo(a)pyrene
• Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
• Dibenz(a,h)anthracene

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Unregulated Potential Toxins

• Comparison of 423 data points
• 58 of the E diesel blends recorded equal or
  reduced emissions compared to the certification
  fuel
• In general
• - the acetaldehydes group and
• ethanol emissions substantially
• increased with the ethanol blends
• - benzene and 1,3 butadiene were
• substantially reduced with the
• ethanol blends

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• Engine Tests
• 8 Mode Steady State Emissions test
• Federal Smoke Cycle Test
• Unregulated Emissions Testing
• - (31 potential toxins)
• Durability Tests
• Cold Room Tests

23

• Vehicle Tests
• - Further field testing to compliment the work of
  the University of Illinois project
• - Vehicle cold room tests
• - Vehicle hot room tests comparing fuel cooler
  performance/vapor lock effects between 2 diesel
  and E diesel mix
• - Verification work for using E diesel as factory
  fill

24

• Vehicle Tests (Continued)
• -Bench test/analysis to evaluate seal/material
  compatibility
• -Analysis on fuel lines, fittings, fuel tank,
  and fuel from field machines
• -Flash/flammability tests, spark arrestors,
  safety verification