Urban Growth and Farm Protest,

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CHAPTER 18

• Urban Growth and Farm Protest,
• 1887 - 1893

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The New Urban Society

• Immigrants and internal migration caused
  population explosion in cities
• Jane Adams and Hull house
• Suburbs, skyscrapers, and tenements change cities
• New services are needed
• Immigration created new ethnic communities
• Ellis Island
• Prejudice and intolerance of immigrants increase
• Political machines control local politics
• Boss Tweed

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Growth of Cities, 1860 and 1900
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The Diminishing Rights of Minority Groups

• Indian religious movement, the Ghost Dance
• Wovaka
• Wounded Knee Massacre
• Mexican Americans in Southwest clash with whites
  over land use
• Las Gorra Blancas
• Chinese Exclusion Act illustrates prejudice in
  West
• African Americans discrimination nationwide, but
  worse in South
• Plessy v. Ferguson

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Indian Reservations, 1875 and 1900
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Photo of lynching c. 1880s-90s
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A Victorian Society

• Relations between sexes strictly controlled, at
  least in public
• Strict moral code governs a patriarchal society
• Religion plays central role in families
• Sports enthrall Americans
• Spectator sports include football and boxing
• John L. Sullivan and Gentleman Jim Corbett
• Active sport of choice is bicycling

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Voices of Protest and Reform

• Edward Bellamy and Nationalism
• Social Gospel brings religion to slum areas
• To Christianize and to minister to basic needs
• With free time, middle class women spearhead
  reform efforts
• Womans Christian Temperance Movement
• General Federation of Womens Clubs
• National Woman Suffrage Association

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Looking Outward Foreign Policy in the Early 1890s

• External markets become more important with
  closing of frontier
• Americans fear being left behind by European
  nations
• Alfred Thayer Mahan
• United States works to improve relations with
  neighbors to South, hoping to build canal
• Tensions in Hawaii grow due to American
  manipulation of economy
• Kalakua and Liliuokalani
• White control after February, 1893

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The Angry Farmers

• Democrats play on peoples fears to win Congress
• Farmers organize politically
• Farmers Alliance
• Colored Farmers National Alliance
• Populist Party emerges as political arm of
  Alliance
• Populists support Free Silver
• Started off poorly

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Presidential Election of 1892

• Benjamin Harrison versus Grover Cleveland
• Homestead Strike
• Cleveland wins second non-consecutive term
• America redefines itself in Chicago
• Worlds Columbian Exposition
• Exposition lauded American accomplishments
• Frederick Jackson Turner
• Closing of the American frontier

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Election of 1892
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Discussion Questions

• What were conditions like for the industrial
  worker in the cities in the late 1800s?
• What problems did the cities of the late 19th
  century face? What solutions evolved and were
  created to resolve these problems?
• Follow the rise of the Populist Party. What
  political and social value did it bring to
  America?
• Explain how and why the United States became an
  overseas power in the 1890s?