Organizational Development A global framework for facilitating local change

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OrganizationalDevelopmentA global framework
for facilitating local change
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International Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement
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Fundamental Principles
International Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement
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Red Cross/Red Crescent National Societies
176 member National Societies

• 105 million volunteers worldwide
• 300,000 employees worldwide
• 233 million beneficiaries annually
• Core focus areas
• Disaster preparedness
• Disaster relief
• Health and care in the community
• Promoting humanitarian values
• Capacity building

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American Red Cross
2.2 billion annual operating budget
1,400 domestic chapter 1.3 million
volunteers 32,500 paid staff

• ARC INTERNATIONAL SERVICES
• FY97 17.7 million in funding
• FY99 141.3 million in funding
• 115 delegates
• more than 50 countries

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American Red Cross International Core Activities
Disaster Preparedness Response Primary
Health Food Security Organizational
Development International Humanitarian
Law International Tracing RC Messaging Water/San
itation
Organizational Development
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American Red Cross Current Global OD Initiatives
12 country OD programs 3 regional OD programs 13
OD delegates
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Organizational Development
ARC clients
Sister National Societies (our local implementing
partners)
Building capacity of local RC
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What is Organizational Development?
It is NOT building warehouses and purchasing
vehicles and computers
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Organizational Development
________
Strengthening the organizational effectiveness of
a National Society to improve its performance and
build sustainable quality programs and services
_______
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Traditional Red Cross OD Interventions

• Governance Management
• Strategic Planning
• Internal Communications

• Board Development
• Leadership Training
• Volunteer Development

• Traditional Fundraising
• Income Generating Projects

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American Red Cross Study of OD Programs and
Practices
QUICK REVIEW OF FINDINGS RECOMMENDATIONS
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National Societies Perceptions of OD
As a process for facilitating change
IDEALLY
PROBABLY
As pass-through for funding
As a THREAT
TOO OFTEN
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Organizational DevelopmentRealities
Full commitment to change
TODAY
Minimum commitment to change
CAPACITY
No commitment to change
TIME
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Increase OD Focus withinthe Red Cross Movement

• Federations Institutional Resource Development
  Department established
• Increase deployment of Organizational Development
  Programs and Delegates (but still relatively
  small group)
• ICRC Cooperation Delegates
• Development of Organizational Development tools
  and interventions
• Enhanced frameworks for development

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OD Tools and Interventions

• The Management Book for African NSs - 1985
• Organizational Development Handbook - 1994
• Resource Development Handbook - 1994
• Characteristics of a Well Functioning NS - 1995
• Capacity Performance Instrument (CAPI) - 1995
• Framework for NS Capacity Building - 1998
• Vulnerability Capacity Assessment (VAC) - 1999
• Strategy 2010 - 1999
• CAPI II - 2000
• ExpertNetwork (ExNet) - 2000
• Open University management program - Fall 2000
• Policy papers Guidelines
• many others .

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Three Main Challenges of Red Cross Societies
From Learning from the Nineties, a 1998
comprehensive studyof the Red Cross/Red Crescent
Movement
Ensuring adequate fund raising (mentioned by 78
of respondents) Developing a vision and mission
for the Society (56) Developing branches and
ensuring nationwide coverage (50)
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Key Factors for Facilitating Successful OD
National Society willingness, readiness ability
to change develop Shared framework shared
strategy Empowerment (local ownership) Trust PATIE
NCE
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Organizational Development is becoming more
aboutbuilding and managing relationships.
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Enhanced Organizational Development Framework
Builds upon links established Red Cross/Red
Crescent concepts, tools and experiences
incorporates industry practices research
findings Promotes a holistic approach to
development Links OD interventions to
organizational effectiveness measurable
performance indicators Identifies OD priorities
based on a broad assessment analysis
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Enhanced Organizational Development Framework
Continues

• Builds consensus ownership within the National
  Society to the process results
• Involves key stakeholders in identifying problems
  designing solutions
• Improves accountability by establishing baseline
  data for measuring impact over time

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Open Systems ModelUnderstanding how
organizations work
ORGANIZATION DECISIONS
Inputs Resources
Outputs Outcomes
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Organizational Effectiveness Measuring how well
organizations work
Constituency Satisfaction
Constituency Satisfaction
ORGANIZATION DECISIONS
Goal Attainment
Inputs Resources
Outputs Outcomes
Resource Acquisition
Internal Process
Environmental Responsiveness
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Organizational Effectiveness Perform
ModelIdentifying OD priorities/interventions
Organizational Effectiveness
Resource Acquisition
Goal Attainment
Constituency Satisfaction
Internal Process
ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIVENESS
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Expanded Organizational Development Interventions
STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVMENET
LOCAL RED CROSS OWNERSHIP
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OperationalizingOrganizational Development
OD as a Holistic Development Approach
VS
OD as Limited Capacity Building Support for
Technical Programs
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ARC OD Support Decision Tree
Consider limited service delivery based OD program
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Integrating an OD Frameworkinto Technical
Programs CONSTITUENCY SATISFACTION
How will the program involve the National
Societys key constituencies? (in the design,
implementation, monitoring evaluation)
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Integrating an OD Frameworkinto Technical
Programs INTERNAL PROCESS
What are the human resource needs to implement
this program? Does the program have a
cost-recovery or income-generating
component? What is the strategy for the programs
financial sustainability after American Red Cross
funding support ends?
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Integrating an OD Frameworkinto Technical
Programs INTERNAL PROCESS
Are the NS current financial controls
reporting measures adequate? What is the
strategy for sustaining developing the NS
human resources requirement for program? How will
the program be integrated with the NS other
activities services? How will the program
compete with other programs the NS limited
resources?
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Integrating an OD Frameworkinto Technical
Programs GOAL ATTAINMENT
How does the program support the mission of the
National Society? Is the program currently part
of the National Societys strategic or
development plan?
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Integrating an OD Frameworkinto Technical
Programs ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIVNESS
What environmental factors currently exist or are
foreseen that can positively or negatively impact
the program?
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ARC OD Support Decision Tree
Is their an existing long-term OD strategy?
Facilitate OE Assessment to determine OD
priorities
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Organizational Effectiveness Assessment
ASSESSMENT TEAM NS Leadership OD Facilitator
Organizational Development Interventions

• Evaluates progress
• Evaluates delegates
• performance
• Identifies additional
• OD work

• Relationship builder
• Identifies OD priorities
• Establishes baseline
• data for measuring
• progress

• Focus on 5-7 OD
• priorities
• On-going monitoring

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Grenada Red CrossOE Assessment
CONSTITUENCY SATISFACTION

• Establish Red Cross advisory committees
• Conduct town meetings

RESOURCE ACQUISITION

• Develop income generation HS Department
• Recruit adult volunteers

INTERNAL PROCESS

• Strengthen financial management systems
• Sustain and develop volunteers

GOAL ATTAINMENT

• Enhance the strategic operational
• planning

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Quick Review of ARC Local Capacity Building
Promotes a holistic development approach with
Societies 8 Organizational Effectiveness Promotes
stakeholders involvement environmental
responsiveness 8 Open System Model Links OD
interventions to measurable performance
indicators 8 Greater accountability Promotes
local strategic alliances 8 Local
sustainability Builds consensus within a Society
8 Local ownership to process
results
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Whats Next...
Ensure all ARC technical programs support a NS
capacity building strategy Provide continued
on-site technical financial assistance for
National Societies change process Promote
increased OD dialog, transparency knowledge
sharing with delegates, National Societies key
partners Field test OE Assessment process
(Balkans, Caribbean, Russia, Pacific, Central
America) promote OE framework within the
Movement
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Whats Next...
Continues
Design enhance OD training briefing material
for National Societies, delegates key
stakeholders Partner with ARC chapters in
assessing supporting the development needs of
National Societies (e.g. fund raising, volunteer
systems) Support the development of specific
tools identified by change facilitators (e.g.
strategic planning workshop, resource development
handbook, volunteer management system, etc.)
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OrganizationalDevelopmentA global framework
for facilitating local change