Title: THE CABINET
1(No Transcript)
2THE CABINET
3The Judge Thing
- In the month of September 1789 - Congress had
created the State Treasury and War departments. - Judiciary Act passed, established 13 Federal
District Courts and three circuit courts of
appeal. - The number of Supreme Court Justices was set at
six, with John Jay being the chief justice.
4http//www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/billrights/bil
lmain.html
5Amendments
- A large majority of both houses were friendly to
the Constitution. - Congress prepared a list of a dozen amendments,
ten were ratified, guaranteeing what Congressman
James Madison, who drafted the amendments, called
great rights of mankind. - These amendments were known as the Bill of Rights.
6Amendments - Part Two!
- The amendments provided that Congress should make
no law infringing freedom of speech, the press,
or religion. - The right of trial by jury was reaffirmed, the
right to bear arms guaranteed. - No one was to be deprived of life, liberty, or
property without due process of law. - Washington urged the acceptance of these
amendments so that the rights of free men would
be impregnably fortified.
7The Amendments - yet again!
- The amendments were not necessary because the
federal government had no authority to act in
with such matters to begin with. - Dont you all think that Lucky is good-looking?
Have you even noticed this part of the slide? - Many wanted to be reassured.
- The Bill of Rights did much to convince doubters
that the new government would not become to
powerful.
8George Mason - A voice of dissent.
http//www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/billrights/bil
lmain.html
9Hamiltons Financial Plan
10Foreign, Domestic and State Debts
- Pay off entire foreign debt
- Funding to pay off domestic debt to holders of
bonds-funding at par - To pay off debt- Whiskey tax
- Creation of a national bank to fulfill their
financial obligations - The state debt should be assumed by the U.S. on
the same terms
11- Hamiltons financial plan was significant for
restoring the nations credit and deal with its
nations financial difficulties - Plan was to give an advantage to the rich
- The national bank could finance new and expanding
business enterprising and that would speed the
economic growth in the nation.
12- The national bank would be able to issue bank
notes providing a medium of exchange for the
economy. - Dec. 1791, Hamilton submitted Report on
Manufacturers. In this report he called for
government tariffs, subsidies and awards to
encourage American manufacturing. - Hamilton wanted to change the nation to a
self-sufficient economy.
13- Assumption of State Debts-Hamilton traded support
for Capital in South for northern votes in favor. - Excise Tax-on distilled liquors, led to Whiskey
Rebellion. - Protective Tariffs-to protect U.S. industry,
rejected but rates were raised
14Plan favored...
- People with wealth and enterprise
- Creditors
- Merchants
- Manufacturers
15Alexander Hamilton
- http//www.runet.edu8800/shepburn/hamilton.htm
- http//phuhs.pinellas.k12.fl.us/IB/burton/federawa
sh.htm - http//odur.let.rug.nl/usa/B/hamilton/hamilxx.htm
16First Bank Of the United States
By Marnie Rowe and Andrew Eaton
17Hamilton's Opinion as to the Constitutionality of
the Bank of the United States, 1791 http//www.con
stitution.org/mon/ah-bank.htm First Bank of the
United States. http//www.u-s-history.com/pages/h
443.html Description of the first national
bank http//www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/b
utowsky2/constitution5.htm
18Bank Of the United States http//www.sjsu.edu/facu
lty/watkins/BofUS.htm Alexander Hamilton's
Financial Program http//www.gliah.uh.edu/database
/article_display.cfm?HHID6 Birth Of the
Bank http//www.eh.net/encyclopedia/cowen.banking.
first_bank.us.php
19The Bank of the United States
By Justin Turco Shawna Oloughlin
http//www.ushistory.org/tour/tour_1bank.htm
20 Alexander Hamilton proposed Congress to charter
a national bank.
This was needed because the US had a debt from
the Revolutionary war and because each state had
a different currency.
A national bank was drafted in 1791 by the
Congress and signed be George Washington.
The building of this national bank created a
standard form of currency.
21 This bank was only partly owned by the
government. 80 of the 10million stock was
owned privately.
The national bank would benefit the well-to-do
commercial class.
Manufactures and other capitalists would profit
from the banks credit facilities.
This national bank was a safe haven for public
funds.
22Hamilton/Jefferson
- NY, NE VA, South and West
- Author of financial plan/ opposed plan
- Loose/ strict constructionists
- Commercial, industrial/agrarian
- Pro-British/ pro-French
- Centralized national power/ states rights
- Aristocratic/ democratic
- Federalist Party/ Republican Party
23Whiskey Rebellion
1794
Alexander Hamilton
http//education.yahoo.com/search/be?lbtpurl3A
h/hamilton__alexander
24Events Leading Up to Whiskey Rebellion
- In 1791, Alexander Hamilton passed an excise tax
on Whiskey in Pennsylvania. - Many settlers, many of a Scotch-Irish race, were
in up-raise because whiskey was an important
economic commodity. - The settlers considered this action
discriminatory and hurtful to their economic
income.
http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0852060.htm
l
25Action Taken By Settlers
26Mad Anthony Wayne
- And the Battle of Fallen Timber
27General Information
- In 1775 the Second Continental Congress asked
Pennsylvania to recruit four battalions for the
Continental Army. - One of the four men chosen to head up the
battalions was Anthony Wayne.
28Continued
- Wayne's most brilliant exploit of the
Revolutionary War was the storming of the British
fort July 16, 1779, at Stony Point, N.Y. His
forces took the strongest British post on the
Hudson River with a surprise night attack.
29Continued
- On Aug. 20, 1794, Wayne's army attacked the
Indians at Fallen Timbers, just south of Toledo.
The battle lasted less than an hour. Fleeing
Indians raced toward Fort Miami, where the
British had promised protection. They were turned
away because the British did not want to risk war
with the United States
30Mad Anthony Wayne
http//www.earlyamerica.com/review/fall96/anthony.
html
31Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794
http//www.ohiokids.org/ohc/history/h_indian/pictu
res/battimbr.html
32http//earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/pr
ocneutral/original.html
33- The Proclamation was signed on April 23,1793
- Hamilton and Jefferson wanted Washington to take
sides in the war between France and Great
Britain.
34Edmond Charles Genet Affairs
- Aka - Citizen Genet.
- Genet was sent to America to seek help for France
after the French Revolution erupted when the
French began fighting w/British. - Genet landed in Charleston, S. Carolina in April
1793. - He was welcomed in every town he went through.
35Citizen Genet
- In violation of the American neutrality law, he
began licensing American vessels to operate
against British shipping and to grant French
military commissions to Americans. - http//encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/6C/06CD8
000.htm
http//encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/6C/06CD
8000.htm
36Citizen Genet
- President George Washington demanded his recall
in 1794 the French government sent a new minister
with orders to arrest Genêt and return him for
trial. - Washington allowed Genet stay for political
asylum. -
37JAYS TREATY
John Randall and Dylan Hedmark
38- Ratification's exchanged October 28, 1795 -
President Washington sends John Jay to England to
seek a treaty settling the conflicts that
remained with Great Britain and America. -
British wanted to reach an accommodation with the
United States - Valuable, yet embarrassing treaty
for the United States - United States basically
gained what already legally belonged to it
39Terms - British agreed to evacuate their posts in
the west - Also promised to pay off American
shipowners for seizures in the West Indies -
Britain opened up their colonies in Asia to
American ships - John Jay committed the United
States to paying pre-Revolutionary debts owed to
British merchants
40John Jay
http//www.lexrex.com/bios/pics/jay2.jpg
41John Jay
- http//www.mcs.net/knautzr/fed/fedpaper.html
42JAYS TREATY
- TREATY OF AMITY COMMERCEAND NAVIGATION.
- Jays treaty was signed in London on November 19,
1794. But was not proclaimed until February 29,
1796.
43- Signed by John Jay and William, Lord Grenville
for the United States and Great Britain. - Treaty consisted of 28 articles
- Treaty called for British to evacuate posts in
the Western regions. Also for American ship
owners to be reimbursed for seizures in the West
Indies.
44- United States had to pay pre-Revolutionary debts
still owed to British merchants. - Most of the things provided by the treaty the
United States had already legally owned. - The treaty greatly improved the position of the
United States both on land and sea.
45Bibliography
- Colliers Encyclopedia, C. 1992, MacMillan
Educational company, Vol. 13 - The American Nation C. John A. Garraty Addison-
Wesley Educational Publishers Inc.
46Thomas Pinckneyand the Pinckney Treaty
http//sciway.net/hist/governors/tpinckney.html
47Thomas Pinckney
- Was an American soldier statesman and diplomat.
- Ran as Federalist Candidate in the Presidential
Election of 1796. - Born in Charleston, South Carolina.
- Educated in Britain and France.
- Fought in Revolutionary War.
- The Governor of South Carolina (1787-89).
48Pinckney Treaty
- Arranged by Thomas Pinckney.
- Signed on October 27, 1795.
- Once called the Treaty of San Lorenzo.
- Accepted American version of boundary between
Spanish Florida and US.
- Granted the United States free navigation of the
Mississippi River and right to deposit at New
Orleans. - Ended the disputes between the United States and
Spain.
49Pinkney's Treaty
By. Adam Laplante and Sam Speakman
50Pinckneys Treaty
Spain wanted to withdraw from the European war
against France They feared an Anglo-American
attack on Louisiana and its other American
possessions It decided to to become better
friends with the United States
51Pinckneys Treaty
Manuel de Godoy offered American envoy Thomas
Pinckney a treaty, called the Treaty of San
Lorenzo or Pinckneys Treaty It granted the
United States the free navigation of the
Mississippi River and the right of deposit at New
Orleans that western Americans so urgently
needed The treaty also accepted the American
version of the boundary between Spanish Florida
and the United States
52http//www.sciway.net/hist/governors/graphics/tpin
ckney.jpg
53http//www.art-and-artist.co.uk/silhouette_art/sil
hoette-gifetc/elizaizpinckney.jpg
541796-The First Real Election
- Washington didnt want to be reelected so Adams
decided to run for election. - He was against Jefferson.
- The people voted for two candidates, one would be
vice president. - Adams accused Jefferson by using peoples fears
to get votes.
55More...
- Adams got 71 electoral votes and was president
- 2 votes from the south and 1 from west were the
winning votes. - Jefferson got 68 electoral votes and became vice
president.
56http//www.americanpresident.org/KoTrain/Courses/J
A/JA_Campaigns_and_Elections.htm
57Alien and Sedition Acts
- Passed during the Administration of John Adams,
July 1798 to counteract the attacks by newspaper
editors and public speakers. - Caused public outrage throughout the country
http//www.whitehouse.gov/WH/glimpse/presidents/ht
ml/ja2.html
58Alien and Sedition Acts
- Measures
- Naturalization act - stated that a person must
live in the country 14 years before citizenship - Alien Act - President had the power to arrest or
deport dangerous aliens. - Alien Enemies Act - To ensure the safety of the
United States, prevented aliens from acting out
against the government. - Sedition Act - Heavy Penalties for conspiracy
against the Government
59Punishments
- Many people punished including Thomas Cooper, who
served 6 months and paid 400 for speaking out
against the government. - Others included Charles Holt and James Callender
- Most punishments consisted of jail time and fines.
60BATTLE OF FALLEN TIMBERS
By Andrew Cavanaugh and Addie OConnor
61FIRST ATTEMPT
- President Washington wanted to make it safe for
his people from the Indians - General St. Clair
put General Harmar in charge of the field - The
Indian tribes knew they were coming and set them
up in a trap - Chief Little Turtle turned his men
back towards the Americans and killed 183 men and
wounded 31 men
62SECOND ATTEMPT
- Washington put his men in the hands of General
Wayne - Wayne was a man of politics and was named
a colonel in the Continental Army - On August 20,
1794 Wayne brought his forces to meet an army of
many different Indian tribes _at_ the Ohio frontier
- Throughout the battle Wayne only lost 33
soldiers
63- Wayne and his army easily defeated the
Indians - He proposed the Treaty of Greenevile
which was a peace treaty for the Indians - The
Treaty made white settlers safe of Indian attack
throughout the Ohio frontier
64General Wayne
65THOMAS JEFFERSON
- Preferred a more passive federal policy than
Hamilton mercantilism - Disagreed with Hamiltons financial system but
used it effectively - Disagreed with the Hamilton program because he
felt it would compromise portions of the Bill of
Rights - Bargained for national advantages that kept both
Spain and England guessing - Advocate of French Alliance
66THOMAS JEFFERSON
http//etext.virginia.edu/jefferson/quotations/
67Alexander Hamilton
- Created the Hamilton program which established a
National Bank, attempted to strengthen the
national government, and overcame the
centralization of state governments - Based program funding on British Trade
- He was against a French alliance
- Created a mercantilism system that stressed an
active federal policy - Was in favor of the Jay Treaty
68ALEXANDER HAMILTON
http//xroads.virginia.edu/CAP/ham/hamilton.html
69Washingtons Farewell Address
70Washingtons Farewell Address
Click below to read contemporary news article
about Washingtons Farewell
http//www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestone
s/farewell/
71http//www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/washpap
.htm
72Summary
- Washingtons Farewell Address was a public
announcement of his retirement. - It was intended to cool political passions, but
instead people took it as, as signal, like
dropping a hat, for the party racers to start. - He wanted to give the remaining crew a sense of
direction. He gave them some advice...
73His Advice
- He had explained how the baneful effects of the
spirit of party. - He had tried to explain how the North benefited
from the South and South benefited from the
North. - He encouraged people to avoid both inveterate
antipathies, and passionate attachments.
74Continued...
- Nothing had surprised him more than the view of
Americans dividing themselves into French and
English factions. - Permanent alliances should be avoided, but
temporary alliances for emergencies should be
used. - America should work on its foreign trade but
stay away from foreign political connections as
far as possible.
75The Election 1796
- Jeremy Armstrong and Regina Legge
76http//teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/fi/00000059
.htm
77- George Washington decided not to run for a third
term of presidency in 1796. - First showing of two parties running for
president. - Federalists and Republicans
- John Adams and Thomas Pinckney were the
Federalists. - Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr were the
Republicans. - John Adams wins with 71 electoral votes.
- Thomas Jefferson was voted in as Vice President
78Candidates Party Electoral
Vote John Adams Federalist
71 Thomas Pinckney Federalist 59 Oliver
Ellsworth Federalist 11 Thomas Jefferson
Democratic-Republican 68 Aaron Burr
Democratic- Republican 30 Samuel Adams
Democratic-Republican 15 http//www.geocities.co
m/CapitolHill/Congress/7543/17961800.html
79- This election set the pace for every other
election in the future. Two Political Parties. - The Federalists were unorganized and were
quarreling among themselves. - They had no leadership and werent united.
- The Republicans on the other hand were organized
and better prepared. - The Federalists were against helping the French
for fear of involvement in another war with
Britain - Jefferson believed that the U.S. should support
the French due to the impact it would have on the
nations strength as a whole.
80The XYZ Affair
- ByShannah Gingras
- Jared McGuire
81Background Information
The three Commissioners for the Americans were
Charles Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge
Gerry.
- The XYZ Affair was the name given to an incident
in Franco-Diplomatic relations.
82Adams (Americans) Vs. Talleyrand (France)
http//www.amis-talleyrand.asso.fr/
http//www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/ja2.h
tml
83The XYZ Affair
- America -stop ship attacks, negotiate with
France. - Agent X was sent by France to ask for
gratification as a price. Later agents Y and Z
made the same demand.
Americans refused, sensed good faith in
Talleyrand. Americans outraged
- Adams became a national hero for refusing the
bribe.
84The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798
85General Info.
- Issued June and July 1798
- Made up of four different acts
- Passed in an effort to strengthen the Federal
government. - Protested by the U.S. citizens as being
unconstitutional.
86http//earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/se
dition/
Alien Enemies Act
87http//earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/se
dition/
88The Naturalization Acts and The Alien Enemies Act
- The Naturalization Acts- a foreigner had to live
in the U.S. for 5 to 14 years to be eligible for
citizenship. - The Alien Enemies Act- gave President Adams the
power to arrest or expel any foreigners at a time
of declared war. - Never actually came into affect because the war
with france was never declared.
89The Alien Act and The Sedition Act
- The Alien Act- similar to the Alien Enemies Act.
Authorized the president to expel any foreigners
who he thought were dangerous to the peace and
safety of the United States. - The Sedition Act- made illegal to publish or
speak any false, scandalous, and malicious
criticism of the government. Citizens were
prosecuted if did.
90Adams Administration and the XYZ Affair
- Jamie Scarbrough
- Kristin Oickle
91John Adams
- During the presidency of John Adams, three major
affairs created problems in the government - They were the XYZ affair, the Alien and Sedition
Acts and the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions
92XYZ Affair
- The French foreign minister Talleyrand demanded a
bribe of 250,000 for himself and several million
for France - This message was conveyed to the Americans by
go-betweens known as X,Y, and Z - This betrayal of the Americans trust nearly
resulted in war
93Alien Acts
- The first Alien Act provided for the restraint of
enemy aliens in time of war - The Alien Acts made it difficult for aliens
seeking citizenship - Finally, the last act gave the president the
right to deport any potentially dangerous aliens
94The Sedition Act
- One of the most repressive acts ever passed in
the US - Provided law and imprisonment for anyone opposing
the government by means of writing, printing,
uttering, or publishing - This act suspended the basic liberties of freedom
of speech, press, and petition - Both acts expired and were not renewed because of
controversy
95Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
- Madison in Virginia and Jefferson in Kentucky
declared the acts unconstitutional and void - They deemed the states judgement of the
constitutionality of the acts - These resolutions immediately failed but posed a
question which troubled the nation