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THE CABINET

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Title: THE CABINET


1
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2
THE CABINET
3
The Judge Thing
  • In the month of September 1789 - Congress had
    created the State Treasury and War departments.
  • Judiciary Act passed, established 13 Federal
    District Courts and three circuit courts of
    appeal.
  • The number of Supreme Court Justices was set at
    six, with John Jay being the chief justice.

4
http//www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/billrights/bil
lmain.html
5
Amendments
  • A large majority of both houses were friendly to
    the Constitution.
  • Congress prepared a list of a dozen amendments,
    ten were ratified, guaranteeing what Congressman
    James Madison, who drafted the amendments, called
    great rights of mankind.
  • These amendments were known as the Bill of Rights.

6
Amendments - Part Two!
  • The amendments provided that Congress should make
    no law infringing freedom of speech, the press,
    or religion.
  • The right of trial by jury was reaffirmed, the
    right to bear arms guaranteed.
  • No one was to be deprived of life, liberty, or
    property without due process of law.
  • Washington urged the acceptance of these
    amendments so that the rights of free men would
    be impregnably fortified.

7
The Amendments - yet again!
  • The amendments were not necessary because the
    federal government had no authority to act in
    with such matters to begin with.
  • Dont you all think that Lucky is good-looking?
    Have you even noticed this part of the slide?
  • Many wanted to be reassured.
  • The Bill of Rights did much to convince doubters
    that the new government would not become to
    powerful.

8
George Mason - A voice of dissent.
http//www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/billrights/bil
lmain.html
9
Hamiltons Financial Plan
10
Foreign, Domestic and State Debts
  • Pay off entire foreign debt
  • Funding to pay off domestic debt to holders of
    bonds-funding at par
  • To pay off debt- Whiskey tax
  • Creation of a national bank to fulfill their
    financial obligations
  • The state debt should be assumed by the U.S. on
    the same terms

11
  • Hamiltons financial plan was significant for
    restoring the nations credit and deal with its
    nations financial difficulties
  • Plan was to give an advantage to the rich
  • The national bank could finance new and expanding
    business enterprising and that would speed the
    economic growth in the nation.

12
  • The national bank would be able to issue bank
    notes providing a medium of exchange for the
    economy.
  • Dec. 1791, Hamilton submitted Report on
    Manufacturers. In this report he called for
    government tariffs, subsidies and awards to
    encourage American manufacturing.
  • Hamilton wanted to change the nation to a
    self-sufficient economy.

13
  • Assumption of State Debts-Hamilton traded support
    for Capital in South for northern votes in favor.
  • Excise Tax-on distilled liquors, led to Whiskey
    Rebellion.
  • Protective Tariffs-to protect U.S. industry,
    rejected but rates were raised

14
Plan favored...
  • People with wealth and enterprise
  • Creditors
  • Merchants
  • Manufacturers

15
Alexander Hamilton
  • http//www.runet.edu8800/shepburn/hamilton.htm
  • http//phuhs.pinellas.k12.fl.us/IB/burton/federawa
    sh.htm
  • http//odur.let.rug.nl/usa/B/hamilton/hamilxx.htm

16
First Bank Of the United States
By Marnie Rowe and Andrew Eaton
17
Hamilton's Opinion as to the Constitutionality of
the Bank of the United States, 1791 http//www.con
stitution.org/mon/ah-bank.htm First Bank of the
United States. http//www.u-s-history.com/pages/h
443.html Description of the first national
bank http//www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/b
utowsky2/constitution5.htm
18
Bank Of the United States http//www.sjsu.edu/facu
lty/watkins/BofUS.htm Alexander Hamilton's
Financial Program http//www.gliah.uh.edu/database
/article_display.cfm?HHID6 Birth Of the
Bank http//www.eh.net/encyclopedia/cowen.banking.
first_bank.us.php
19
The Bank of the United States
By Justin Turco Shawna Oloughlin
http//www.ushistory.org/tour/tour_1bank.htm
20
Alexander Hamilton proposed Congress to charter
a national bank.
This was needed because the US had a debt from
the Revolutionary war and because each state had
a different currency.
A national bank was drafted in 1791 by the
Congress and signed be George Washington.
The building of this national bank created a
standard form of currency.
21
This bank was only partly owned by the
government. 80 of the 10million stock was
owned privately.
The national bank would benefit the well-to-do
commercial class.
Manufactures and other capitalists would profit
from the banks credit facilities.
This national bank was a safe haven for public
funds.
22
Hamilton/Jefferson
  • NY, NE VA, South and West
  • Author of financial plan/ opposed plan
  • Loose/ strict constructionists
  • Commercial, industrial/agrarian
  • Pro-British/ pro-French
  • Centralized national power/ states rights
  • Aristocratic/ democratic
  • Federalist Party/ Republican Party

23
Whiskey Rebellion
1794
Alexander Hamilton
http//education.yahoo.com/search/be?lbtpurl3A
h/hamilton__alexander
24
Events Leading Up to Whiskey Rebellion
  • In 1791, Alexander Hamilton passed an excise tax
    on Whiskey in Pennsylvania.
  • Many settlers, many of a Scotch-Irish race, were
    in up-raise because whiskey was an important
    economic commodity.
  • The settlers considered this action
    discriminatory and hurtful to their economic
    income.

http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0852060.htm
l
25
Action Taken By Settlers
26
Mad Anthony Wayne
  • And the Battle of Fallen Timber

27
General Information
  • In 1775 the Second Continental Congress asked
    Pennsylvania to recruit four battalions for the
    Continental Army.
  • One of the four men chosen to head up the
    battalions was Anthony Wayne.

28
Continued
  • Wayne's most brilliant exploit of the
    Revolutionary War was the storming of the British
    fort July 16, 1779, at Stony Point, N.Y. His
    forces took the strongest British post on the
    Hudson River with a surprise night attack.

29
Continued
  • On Aug. 20, 1794, Wayne's army attacked the
    Indians at Fallen Timbers, just south of Toledo.
    The battle lasted less than an hour. Fleeing
    Indians raced toward Fort Miami, where the
    British had promised protection. They were turned
    away because the British did not want to risk war
    with the United States

30
Mad Anthony Wayne
http//www.earlyamerica.com/review/fall96/anthony.
html
31
Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794
http//www.ohiokids.org/ohc/history/h_indian/pictu
res/battimbr.html
32
http//earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/pr
ocneutral/original.html
33
  • The Proclamation was signed on April 23,1793
  • Hamilton and Jefferson wanted Washington to take
    sides in the war between France and Great
    Britain.

34
Edmond Charles Genet Affairs
  • Aka - Citizen Genet.
  • Genet was sent to America to seek help for France
    after the French Revolution erupted when the
    French began fighting w/British.
  • Genet landed in Charleston, S. Carolina in April
    1793.
  • He was welcomed in every town he went through.

35
Citizen Genet
  • In violation of the American neutrality law, he
    began licensing American vessels to operate
    against British shipping and to grant French
    military commissions to Americans.
  • http//encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/6C/06CD8
    000.htm

http//encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/6C/06CD
8000.htm
36
Citizen Genet
  • President George Washington demanded his recall
    in 1794 the French government sent a new minister
    with orders to arrest Genêt and return him for
    trial.
  • Washington allowed Genet stay for political
    asylum.

37
JAYS TREATY
John Randall and Dylan Hedmark
38
- Ratification's exchanged October 28, 1795 -
President Washington sends John Jay to England to
seek a treaty settling the conflicts that
remained with Great Britain and America. -
British wanted to reach an accommodation with the
United States - Valuable, yet embarrassing treaty
for the United States - United States basically
gained what already legally belonged to it
39
Terms - British agreed to evacuate their posts in
the west - Also promised to pay off American
shipowners for seizures in the West Indies -
Britain opened up their colonies in Asia to
American ships - John Jay committed the United
States to paying pre-Revolutionary debts owed to
British merchants
40
John Jay
http//www.lexrex.com/bios/pics/jay2.jpg
41
John Jay
  • http//www.mcs.net/knautzr/fed/fedpaper.html

42
JAYS TREATY
  • TREATY OF AMITY COMMERCEAND NAVIGATION.
  • Jays treaty was signed in London on November 19,
    1794. But was not proclaimed until February 29,
    1796.

43
  • Signed by John Jay and William, Lord Grenville
    for the United States and Great Britain.
  • Treaty consisted of 28 articles
  • Treaty called for British to evacuate posts in
    the Western regions. Also for American ship
    owners to be reimbursed for seizures in the West
    Indies.

44
  • United States had to pay pre-Revolutionary debts
    still owed to British merchants.
  • Most of the things provided by the treaty the
    United States had already legally owned.
  • The treaty greatly improved the position of the
    United States both on land and sea.

45
Bibliography
  • Colliers Encyclopedia, C. 1992, MacMillan
    Educational company, Vol. 13
  • The American Nation C. John A. Garraty Addison-
    Wesley Educational Publishers Inc.

46
Thomas Pinckneyand the Pinckney Treaty
http//sciway.net/hist/governors/tpinckney.html
47
Thomas Pinckney
  • Was an American soldier statesman and diplomat.
  • Ran as Federalist Candidate in the Presidential
    Election of 1796.
  • Born in Charleston, South Carolina.
  • Educated in Britain and France.
  • Fought in Revolutionary War.
  • The Governor of South Carolina (1787-89).

48
Pinckney Treaty
  • Arranged by Thomas Pinckney.
  • Signed on October 27, 1795.
  • Once called the Treaty of San Lorenzo.
  • Accepted American version of boundary between
    Spanish Florida and US.
  • Granted the United States free navigation of the
    Mississippi River and right to deposit at New
    Orleans.
  • Ended the disputes between the United States and
    Spain.

49
Pinkney's Treaty
By. Adam Laplante and Sam Speakman
50
Pinckneys Treaty
Spain wanted to withdraw from the European war
against France They feared an Anglo-American
attack on Louisiana and its other American
possessions It decided to to become better
friends with the United States
51
Pinckneys Treaty
Manuel de Godoy offered American envoy Thomas
Pinckney a treaty, called the Treaty of San
Lorenzo or Pinckneys Treaty It granted the
United States the free navigation of the
Mississippi River and the right of deposit at New
Orleans that western Americans so urgently
needed The treaty also accepted the American
version of the boundary between Spanish Florida
and the United States
52
http//www.sciway.net/hist/governors/graphics/tpin
ckney.jpg
53
http//www.art-and-artist.co.uk/silhouette_art/sil
hoette-gifetc/elizaizpinckney.jpg
54
1796-The First Real Election
  • Washington didnt want to be reelected so Adams
    decided to run for election.
  • He was against Jefferson.
  • The people voted for two candidates, one would be
    vice president.
  • Adams accused Jefferson by using peoples fears
    to get votes.

55
More...
  • Adams got 71 electoral votes and was president
  • 2 votes from the south and 1 from west were the
    winning votes.
  • Jefferson got 68 electoral votes and became vice
    president.

56
http//www.americanpresident.org/KoTrain/Courses/J
A/JA_Campaigns_and_Elections.htm
57
Alien and Sedition Acts
  • Passed during the Administration of John Adams,
    July 1798 to counteract the attacks by newspaper
    editors and public speakers.
  • Caused public outrage throughout the country

http//www.whitehouse.gov/WH/glimpse/presidents/ht
ml/ja2.html
58
Alien and Sedition Acts
  • Measures
  • Naturalization act - stated that a person must
    live in the country 14 years before citizenship
  • Alien Act - President had the power to arrest or
    deport dangerous aliens.
  • Alien Enemies Act - To ensure the safety of the
    United States, prevented aliens from acting out
    against the government.
  • Sedition Act - Heavy Penalties for conspiracy
    against the Government

59
Punishments
  • Many people punished including Thomas Cooper, who
    served 6 months and paid 400 for speaking out
    against the government.
  • Others included Charles Holt and James Callender
  • Most punishments consisted of jail time and fines.

60
BATTLE OF FALLEN TIMBERS
By Andrew Cavanaugh and Addie OConnor
61
FIRST ATTEMPT
- President Washington wanted to make it safe for
his people from the Indians - General St. Clair
put General Harmar in charge of the field - The
Indian tribes knew they were coming and set them
up in a trap - Chief Little Turtle turned his men
back towards the Americans and killed 183 men and
wounded 31 men
62
SECOND ATTEMPT
- Washington put his men in the hands of General
Wayne - Wayne was a man of politics and was named
a colonel in the Continental Army - On August 20,
1794 Wayne brought his forces to meet an army of
many different Indian tribes _at_ the Ohio frontier
- Throughout the battle Wayne only lost 33
soldiers
63
- Wayne and his army easily defeated the
Indians - He proposed the Treaty of Greenevile
which was a peace treaty for the Indians - The
Treaty made white settlers safe of Indian attack
throughout the Ohio frontier
64
General Wayne
65
THOMAS JEFFERSON
  • Preferred a more passive federal policy than
    Hamilton mercantilism
  • Disagreed with Hamiltons financial system but
    used it effectively
  • Disagreed with the Hamilton program because he
    felt it would compromise portions of the Bill of
    Rights
  • Bargained for national advantages that kept both
    Spain and England guessing
  • Advocate of French Alliance

66
THOMAS JEFFERSON
http//etext.virginia.edu/jefferson/quotations/
67
Alexander Hamilton
  • Created the Hamilton program which established a
    National Bank, attempted to strengthen the
    national government, and overcame the
    centralization of state governments
  • Based program funding on British Trade
  • He was against a French alliance
  • Created a mercantilism system that stressed an
    active federal policy
  • Was in favor of the Jay Treaty

68
ALEXANDER HAMILTON
http//xroads.virginia.edu/CAP/ham/hamilton.html
69
Washingtons Farewell Address
  • ByBrooke and Anna

70
Washingtons Farewell Address
Click below to read contemporary news article
about Washingtons Farewell
http//www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestone
s/farewell/
71
http//www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/washpap
.htm
72
Summary
  • Washingtons Farewell Address was a public
    announcement of his retirement.
  • It was intended to cool political passions, but
    instead people took it as, as signal, like
    dropping a hat, for the party racers to start.
  • He wanted to give the remaining crew a sense of
    direction. He gave them some advice...

73
His Advice
  • He had explained how the baneful effects of the
    spirit of party.
  • He had tried to explain how the North benefited
    from the South and South benefited from the
    North.
  • He encouraged people to avoid both inveterate
    antipathies, and passionate attachments.

74
Continued...
  • Nothing had surprised him more than the view of
    Americans dividing themselves into French and
    English factions.
  • Permanent alliances should be avoided, but
    temporary alliances for emergencies should be
    used.
  • America should work on its foreign trade but
    stay away from foreign political connections as
    far as possible.

75
The Election 1796
  • Jeremy Armstrong and Regina Legge

76
http//teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/fi/00000059
.htm
77
  • George Washington decided not to run for a third
    term of presidency in 1796.
  • First showing of two parties running for
    president.
  • Federalists and Republicans
  • John Adams and Thomas Pinckney were the
    Federalists.
  • Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr were the
    Republicans.
  • John Adams wins with 71 electoral votes.
  • Thomas Jefferson was voted in as Vice President

78
Candidates Party Electoral
Vote John Adams Federalist
71 Thomas Pinckney Federalist 59 Oliver
Ellsworth Federalist 11 Thomas Jefferson
Democratic-Republican 68 Aaron Burr
Democratic- Republican 30 Samuel Adams
Democratic-Republican 15 http//www.geocities.co
m/CapitolHill/Congress/7543/17961800.html
79
  • This election set the pace for every other
    election in the future. Two Political Parties.
  • The Federalists were unorganized and were
    quarreling among themselves.
  • They had no leadership and werent united.
  • The Republicans on the other hand were organized
    and better prepared.
  • The Federalists were against helping the French
    for fear of involvement in another war with
    Britain
  • Jefferson believed that the U.S. should support
    the French due to the impact it would have on the
    nations strength as a whole.

80
The XYZ Affair
  • ByShannah Gingras
  • Jared McGuire

81
Background Information
The three Commissioners for the Americans were
Charles Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge
Gerry.
  • The XYZ Affair was the name given to an incident
    in Franco-Diplomatic relations.

82
Adams (Americans) Vs. Talleyrand (France)
http//www.amis-talleyrand.asso.fr/
http//www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/ja2.h
tml
83
The XYZ Affair
  • America -stop ship attacks, negotiate with
    France.
  • Agent X was sent by France to ask for
    gratification as a price. Later agents Y and Z
    made the same demand.

Americans refused, sensed good faith in
Talleyrand. Americans outraged
  • Adams became a national hero for refusing the
    bribe.

84
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798
  • By Kate and Jordan

85
General Info.
  • Issued June and July 1798
  • Made up of four different acts
  • Passed in an effort to strengthen the Federal
    government.
  • Protested by the U.S. citizens as being
    unconstitutional.

86
http//earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/se
dition/
Alien Enemies Act
87
http//earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/se
dition/
88
The Naturalization Acts and The Alien Enemies Act
  • The Naturalization Acts- a foreigner had to live
    in the U.S. for 5 to 14 years to be eligible for
    citizenship.
  • The Alien Enemies Act- gave President Adams the
    power to arrest or expel any foreigners at a time
    of declared war.
  • Never actually came into affect because the war
    with france was never declared.

89
The Alien Act and The Sedition Act
  • The Alien Act- similar to the Alien Enemies Act.
    Authorized the president to expel any foreigners
    who he thought were dangerous to the peace and
    safety of the United States.
  • The Sedition Act- made illegal to publish or
    speak any false, scandalous, and malicious
    criticism of the government. Citizens were
    prosecuted if did.

90
Adams Administration and the XYZ Affair
  • Jamie Scarbrough
  • Kristin Oickle

91
John Adams
  • During the presidency of John Adams, three major
    affairs created problems in the government
  • They were the XYZ affair, the Alien and Sedition
    Acts and the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions

92
XYZ Affair
  • The French foreign minister Talleyrand demanded a
    bribe of 250,000 for himself and several million
    for France
  • This message was conveyed to the Americans by
    go-betweens known as X,Y, and Z
  • This betrayal of the Americans trust nearly
    resulted in war

93
Alien Acts
  • The first Alien Act provided for the restraint of
    enemy aliens in time of war
  • The Alien Acts made it difficult for aliens
    seeking citizenship
  • Finally, the last act gave the president the
    right to deport any potentially dangerous aliens

94
The Sedition Act
  • One of the most repressive acts ever passed in
    the US
  • Provided law and imprisonment for anyone opposing
    the government by means of writing, printing,
    uttering, or publishing
  • This act suspended the basic liberties of freedom
    of speech, press, and petition
  • Both acts expired and were not renewed because of
    controversy

95
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
  • Madison in Virginia and Jefferson in Kentucky
    declared the acts unconstitutional and void
  • They deemed the states judgement of the
    constitutionality of the acts
  • These resolutions immediately failed but posed a
    question which troubled the nation
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