THE CABINET

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(No Transcript)
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THE CABINET
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The Judge Thing

• In the month of September 1789 - Congress had
  created the State Treasury and War departments.
• Judiciary Act passed, established 13 Federal
  District Courts and three circuit courts of
  appeal.
• The number of Supreme Court Justices was set at
  six, with John Jay being the chief justice.

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http//www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/billrights/bil
lmain.html
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Amendments

• A large majority of both houses were friendly to
  the Constitution.
• Congress prepared a list of a dozen amendments,
  ten were ratified, guaranteeing what Congressman
  James Madison, who drafted the amendments, called
  great rights of mankind.
• These amendments were known as the Bill of Rights.

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Amendments - Part Two!

• The amendments provided that Congress should make
  no law infringing freedom of speech, the press,
  or religion.
• The right of trial by jury was reaffirmed, the
  right to bear arms guaranteed.
• No one was to be deprived of life, liberty, or
  property without due process of law.
• Washington urged the acceptance of these
  amendments so that the rights of free men would
  be impregnably fortified.

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The Amendments - yet again!

• The amendments were not necessary because the
  federal government had no authority to act in
  with such matters to begin with.
• Dont you all think that Lucky is good-looking?
  Have you even noticed this part of the slide?
• Many wanted to be reassured.
• The Bill of Rights did much to convince doubters
  that the new government would not become to
  powerful.

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George Mason - A voice of dissent.
http//www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/billrights/bil
lmain.html
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Hamiltons Financial Plan
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Foreign, Domestic and State Debts

• Pay off entire foreign debt
• Funding to pay off domestic debt to holders of
  bonds-funding at par
• To pay off debt- Whiskey tax
• Creation of a national bank to fulfill their
  financial obligations
• The state debt should be assumed by the U.S. on
  the same terms

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• Hamiltons financial plan was significant for
  restoring the nations credit and deal with its
  nations financial difficulties
• Plan was to give an advantage to the rich
• The national bank could finance new and expanding
  business enterprising and that would speed the
  economic growth in the nation.

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• The national bank would be able to issue bank
  notes providing a medium of exchange for the
  economy.
• Dec. 1791, Hamilton submitted Report on
  Manufacturers. In this report he called for
  government tariffs, subsidies and awards to
  encourage American manufacturing.
• Hamilton wanted to change the nation to a
  self-sufficient economy.

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• Assumption of State Debts-Hamilton traded support
  for Capital in South for northern votes in favor.
• Excise Tax-on distilled liquors, led to Whiskey
  Rebellion.
• Protective Tariffs-to protect U.S. industry,
  rejected but rates were raised

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Plan favored...

• People with wealth and enterprise
• Creditors
• Merchants
• Manufacturers

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Alexander Hamilton

• http//www.runet.edu8800/shepburn/hamilton.htm
• http//phuhs.pinellas.k12.fl.us/IB/burton/federawa
  sh.htm
• http//odur.let.rug.nl/usa/B/hamilton/hamilxx.htm

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First Bank Of the United States
By Marnie Rowe and Andrew Eaton
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Hamilton's Opinion as to the Constitutionality of
the Bank of the United States, 1791 http//www.con
stitution.org/mon/ah-bank.htm First Bank of the
United States. http//www.u-s-history.com/pages/h
443.html Description of the first national
bank http//www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/b
utowsky2/constitution5.htm
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Bank Of the United States http//www.sjsu.edu/facu
lty/watkins/BofUS.htm Alexander Hamilton's
Financial Program http//www.gliah.uh.edu/database
/article_display.cfm?HHID6 Birth Of the
Bank http//www.eh.net/encyclopedia/cowen.banking.
first_bank.us.php
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The Bank of the United States
By Justin Turco Shawna Oloughlin
http//www.ushistory.org/tour/tour_1bank.htm
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Alexander Hamilton proposed Congress to charter
a national bank.
This was needed because the US had a debt from
the Revolutionary war and because each state had
a different currency.
A national bank was drafted in 1791 by the
Congress and signed be George Washington.
The building of this national bank created a
standard form of currency.
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This bank was only partly owned by the
government. 80 of the 10million stock was
owned privately.
The national bank would benefit the well-to-do
commercial class.
Manufactures and other capitalists would profit
from the banks credit facilities.
This national bank was a safe haven for public
funds.
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Hamilton/Jefferson

• NY, NE VA, South and West
• Author of financial plan/ opposed plan
• Loose/ strict constructionists
• Commercial, industrial/agrarian
• Pro-British/ pro-French
• Centralized national power/ states rights
• Aristocratic/ democratic
• Federalist Party/ Republican Party

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Whiskey Rebellion
1794
Alexander Hamilton
http//education.yahoo.com/search/be?lbtpurl3A
h/hamilton__alexander
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Events Leading Up to Whiskey Rebellion

• In 1791, Alexander Hamilton passed an excise tax
  on Whiskey in Pennsylvania.
• Many settlers, many of a Scotch-Irish race, were
  in up-raise because whiskey was an important
  economic commodity.
• The settlers considered this action
  discriminatory and hurtful to their economic
  income.

http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0852060.htm
l
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Action Taken By Settlers
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Mad Anthony Wayne

• And the Battle of Fallen Timber

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General Information

• In 1775 the Second Continental Congress asked
  Pennsylvania to recruit four battalions for the
  Continental Army.
• One of the four men chosen to head up the
  battalions was Anthony Wayne.

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Continued

• Wayne's most brilliant exploit of the
  Revolutionary War was the storming of the British
  fort July 16, 1779, at Stony Point, N.Y. His
  forces took the strongest British post on the
  Hudson River with a surprise night attack.

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Continued

• On Aug. 20, 1794, Wayne's army attacked the
  Indians at Fallen Timbers, just south of Toledo.
  The battle lasted less than an hour. Fleeing
  Indians raced toward Fort Miami, where the
  British had promised protection. They were turned
  away because the British did not want to risk war
  with the United States

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Mad Anthony Wayne
http//www.earlyamerica.com/review/fall96/anthony.
html
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Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794
http//www.ohiokids.org/ohc/history/h_indian/pictu
res/battimbr.html
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http//earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/pr
ocneutral/original.html
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• The Proclamation was signed on April 23,1793
• Hamilton and Jefferson wanted Washington to take
  sides in the war between France and Great
  Britain.

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Edmond Charles Genet Affairs

• Aka - Citizen Genet.
• Genet was sent to America to seek help for France
  after the French Revolution erupted when the
  French began fighting w/British.
• Genet landed in Charleston, S. Carolina in April
  1793.
• He was welcomed in every town he went through.

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Citizen Genet

• In violation of the American neutrality law, he
  began licensing American vessels to operate
  against British shipping and to grant French
  military commissions to Americans.
• http//encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/6C/06CD8
  000.htm

http//encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/6C/06CD
8000.htm
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Citizen Genet

• President George Washington demanded his recall
  in 1794 the French government sent a new minister
  with orders to arrest Genêt and return him for
  trial.
• Washington allowed Genet stay for political
  asylum.

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JAYS TREATY
John Randall and Dylan Hedmark
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- Ratification's exchanged October 28, 1795 -
President Washington sends John Jay to England to
seek a treaty settling the conflicts that
remained with Great Britain and America. -
British wanted to reach an accommodation with the
United States - Valuable, yet embarrassing treaty
for the United States - United States basically
gained what already legally belonged to it
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Terms - British agreed to evacuate their posts in
the west - Also promised to pay off American
shipowners for seizures in the West Indies -
Britain opened up their colonies in Asia to
American ships - John Jay committed the United
States to paying pre-Revolutionary debts owed to
British merchants
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John Jay
http//www.lexrex.com/bios/pics/jay2.jpg
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John Jay

• http//www.mcs.net/knautzr/fed/fedpaper.html

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JAYS TREATY

• TREATY OF AMITY COMMERCEAND NAVIGATION.
• Jays treaty was signed in London on November 19,
  1794. But was not proclaimed until February 29,
  1796.

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• Signed by John Jay and William, Lord Grenville
  for the United States and Great Britain.
• Treaty consisted of 28 articles
• Treaty called for British to evacuate posts in
  the Western regions. Also for American ship
  owners to be reimbursed for seizures in the West
  Indies.

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• United States had to pay pre-Revolutionary debts
  still owed to British merchants.
• Most of the things provided by the treaty the
  United States had already legally owned.
• The treaty greatly improved the position of the
  United States both on land and sea.

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Bibliography

• Colliers Encyclopedia, C. 1992, MacMillan
  Educational company, Vol. 13
• The American Nation C. John A. Garraty Addison-
  Wesley Educational Publishers Inc.

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Thomas Pinckneyand the Pinckney Treaty
http//sciway.net/hist/governors/tpinckney.html
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Thomas Pinckney

• Was an American soldier statesman and diplomat.
• Ran as Federalist Candidate in the Presidential
  Election of 1796.
• Born in Charleston, South Carolina.
• Educated in Britain and France.
• Fought in Revolutionary War.
• The Governor of South Carolina (1787-89).

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Pinckney Treaty

• Arranged by Thomas Pinckney.
• Signed on October 27, 1795.
• Once called the Treaty of San Lorenzo.
• Accepted American version of boundary between
  Spanish Florida and US.

• Granted the United States free navigation of the
  Mississippi River and right to deposit at New
  Orleans.
• Ended the disputes between the United States and
  Spain.

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Pinkney's Treaty
By. Adam Laplante and Sam Speakman
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Pinckneys Treaty
Spain wanted to withdraw from the European war
against France They feared an Anglo-American
attack on Louisiana and its other American
possessions It decided to to become better
friends with the United States
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Pinckneys Treaty
Manuel de Godoy offered American envoy Thomas
Pinckney a treaty, called the Treaty of San
Lorenzo or Pinckneys Treaty It granted the
United States the free navigation of the
Mississippi River and the right of deposit at New
Orleans that western Americans so urgently
needed The treaty also accepted the American
version of the boundary between Spanish Florida
and the United States
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http//www.sciway.net/hist/governors/graphics/tpin
ckney.jpg
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http//www.art-and-artist.co.uk/silhouette_art/sil
hoette-gifetc/elizaizpinckney.jpg
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1796-The First Real Election

• Washington didnt want to be reelected so Adams
  decided to run for election.
• He was against Jefferson.
• The people voted for two candidates, one would be
  vice president.
• Adams accused Jefferson by using peoples fears
  to get votes.

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More...

• Adams got 71 electoral votes and was president
• 2 votes from the south and 1 from west were the
  winning votes.
• Jefferson got 68 electoral votes and became vice
  president.

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http//www.americanpresident.org/KoTrain/Courses/J
A/JA_Campaigns_and_Elections.htm
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Alien and Sedition Acts

• Passed during the Administration of John Adams,
  July 1798 to counteract the attacks by newspaper
  editors and public speakers.
• Caused public outrage throughout the country

http//www.whitehouse.gov/WH/glimpse/presidents/ht
ml/ja2.html
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Alien and Sedition Acts

• Measures
• Naturalization act - stated that a person must
  live in the country 14 years before citizenship
• Alien Act - President had the power to arrest or
  deport dangerous aliens.
• Alien Enemies Act - To ensure the safety of the
  United States, prevented aliens from acting out
  against the government.
• Sedition Act - Heavy Penalties for conspiracy
  against the Government

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Punishments

• Many people punished including Thomas Cooper, who
  served 6 months and paid 400 for speaking out
  against the government.
• Others included Charles Holt and James Callender
• Most punishments consisted of jail time and fines.

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BATTLE OF FALLEN TIMBERS
By Andrew Cavanaugh and Addie OConnor
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FIRST ATTEMPT
- President Washington wanted to make it safe for
his people from the Indians - General St. Clair
put General Harmar in charge of the field - The
Indian tribes knew they were coming and set them
up in a trap - Chief Little Turtle turned his men
back towards the Americans and killed 183 men and
wounded 31 men
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SECOND ATTEMPT
- Washington put his men in the hands of General
Wayne - Wayne was a man of politics and was named
a colonel in the Continental Army - On August 20,
1794 Wayne brought his forces to meet an army of
many different Indian tribes _at_ the Ohio frontier
- Throughout the battle Wayne only lost 33
soldiers
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- Wayne and his army easily defeated the
Indians - He proposed the Treaty of Greenevile
which was a peace treaty for the Indians - The
Treaty made white settlers safe of Indian attack
throughout the Ohio frontier
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General Wayne
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THOMAS JEFFERSON

• Preferred a more passive federal policy than
  Hamilton mercantilism
• Disagreed with Hamiltons financial system but
  used it effectively
• Disagreed with the Hamilton program because he
  felt it would compromise portions of the Bill of
  Rights
• Bargained for national advantages that kept both
  Spain and England guessing
• Advocate of French Alliance

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THOMAS JEFFERSON
http//etext.virginia.edu/jefferson/quotations/
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Alexander Hamilton

• Created the Hamilton program which established a
  National Bank, attempted to strengthen the
  national government, and overcame the
  centralization of state governments
• Based program funding on British Trade
• He was against a French alliance
• Created a mercantilism system that stressed an
  active federal policy
• Was in favor of the Jay Treaty

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ALEXANDER HAMILTON
http//xroads.virginia.edu/CAP/ham/hamilton.html
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Washingtons Farewell Address

• ByBrooke and Anna

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Washingtons Farewell Address
Click below to read contemporary news article
about Washingtons Farewell
http//www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestone
s/farewell/
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http//www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/washpap
.htm
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Summary

• Washingtons Farewell Address was a public
  announcement of his retirement.
• It was intended to cool political passions, but
  instead people took it as, as signal, like
  dropping a hat, for the party racers to start.
• He wanted to give the remaining crew a sense of
  direction. He gave them some advice...

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His Advice

• He had explained how the baneful effects of the
  spirit of party.
• He had tried to explain how the North benefited
  from the South and South benefited from the
  North.
• He encouraged people to avoid both inveterate
  antipathies, and passionate attachments.

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Continued...

• Nothing had surprised him more than the view of
  Americans dividing themselves into French and
  English factions.
• Permanent alliances should be avoided, but
  temporary alliances for emergencies should be
  used.
• America should work on its foreign trade but
  stay away from foreign political connections as
  far as possible.

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The Election 1796

• Jeremy Armstrong and Regina Legge

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http//teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/fi/00000059
.htm
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• George Washington decided not to run for a third
  term of presidency in 1796.
• First showing of two parties running for
  president.
• Federalists and Republicans
• John Adams and Thomas Pinckney were the
  Federalists.
• Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr were the
  Republicans.
• John Adams wins with 71 electoral votes.
• Thomas Jefferson was voted in as Vice President

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Candidates Party Electoral
Vote John Adams Federalist
71 Thomas Pinckney Federalist 59 Oliver
Ellsworth Federalist 11 Thomas Jefferson
Democratic-Republican 68 Aaron Burr
Democratic- Republican 30 Samuel Adams
Democratic-Republican 15 http//www.geocities.co
m/CapitolHill/Congress/7543/17961800.html
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• This election set the pace for every other
  election in the future. Two Political Parties.
• The Federalists were unorganized and were
  quarreling among themselves.
• They had no leadership and werent united.
• The Republicans on the other hand were organized
  and better prepared.
• The Federalists were against helping the French
  for fear of involvement in another war with
  Britain
• Jefferson believed that the U.S. should support
  the French due to the impact it would have on the
  nations strength as a whole.

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The XYZ Affair

• ByShannah Gingras
• Jared McGuire

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Background Information
The three Commissioners for the Americans were
Charles Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge
Gerry.

• The XYZ Affair was the name given to an incident
  in Franco-Diplomatic relations.

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Adams (Americans) Vs. Talleyrand (France)
http//www.amis-talleyrand.asso.fr/
http//www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/ja2.h
tml
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The XYZ Affair

• America -stop ship attacks, negotiate with
  France.
• Agent X was sent by France to ask for
  gratification as a price. Later agents Y and Z
  made the same demand.

Americans refused, sensed good faith in
Talleyrand. Americans outraged

• Adams became a national hero for refusing the
  bribe.

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The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798

• By Kate and Jordan

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General Info.

• Issued June and July 1798
• Made up of four different acts
• Passed in an effort to strengthen the Federal
  government.
• Protested by the U.S. citizens as being
  unconstitutional.

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http//earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/se
dition/
Alien Enemies Act
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http//earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/se
dition/
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The Naturalization Acts and The Alien Enemies Act

• The Naturalization Acts- a foreigner had to live
  in the U.S. for 5 to 14 years to be eligible for
  citizenship.
• The Alien Enemies Act- gave President Adams the
  power to arrest or expel any foreigners at a time
  of declared war.
• Never actually came into affect because the war
  with france was never declared.

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The Alien Act and The Sedition Act

• The Alien Act- similar to the Alien Enemies Act.
  Authorized the president to expel any foreigners
  who he thought were dangerous to the peace and
  safety of the United States.
• The Sedition Act- made illegal to publish or
  speak any false, scandalous, and malicious
  criticism of the government. Citizens were
  prosecuted if did.

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Adams Administration and the XYZ Affair

• Jamie Scarbrough
• Kristin Oickle

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John Adams

• During the presidency of John Adams, three major
  affairs created problems in the government
• They were the XYZ affair, the Alien and Sedition
  Acts and the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions

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XYZ Affair

• The French foreign minister Talleyrand demanded a
  bribe of 250,000 for himself and several million
  for France
• This message was conveyed to the Americans by
  go-betweens known as X,Y, and Z
• This betrayal of the Americans trust nearly
  resulted in war

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Alien Acts

• The first Alien Act provided for the restraint of
  enemy aliens in time of war
• The Alien Acts made it difficult for aliens
  seeking citizenship
• Finally, the last act gave the president the
  right to deport any potentially dangerous aliens

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The Sedition Act

• One of the most repressive acts ever passed in
  the US
• Provided law and imprisonment for anyone opposing
  the government by means of writing, printing,
  uttering, or publishing
• This act suspended the basic liberties of freedom
  of speech, press, and petition
• Both acts expired and were not renewed because of
  controversy

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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

• Madison in Virginia and Jefferson in Kentucky
  declared the acts unconstitutional and void
• They deemed the states judgement of the
  constitutionality of the acts
• These resolutions immediately failed but posed a
  question which troubled the nation