Ch 1 The Leadership Challenge, Fenwick English

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Chapter 1 (Dr. Fenwick W. English)The Art of
Educational LeadershipBalancing Performance and
Accountability

• The Leadership Challenge
• Mist M. Morgan
• William Allan Kritsonis, PhD

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The Science of Leadership vs. The Art of
Leadership

• Science Taught measured by lectures,
  textbooks, and licensure exams
• Art Measured by practice (learning by doing)
• - modeling
• - observation
• - must pass the test of credibility in
  real schooling situations

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Leaders and Leadership are Universal in the Human
Experience

• Partial Leadership Informal or indigenous
  leaders within an organization.
• Grassroots political organizer Saul Alinsky
  (1909-1972) was a firm believer than leadership
  within an organization could exist within the
  rank and file, not just at the head. In order for
  an organization to be effective,
  organizers/persons had to know who the true
  leaders were.

Point to PonderWhen have you experienced partial
leadership in your professional or personal life?
Somewhere in your past, people looked up to you
for your thoughts or deeds. This partial
leadership experience (if it were positive)
undoubtedly led you to pursue the path to
complete leadership.
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Guiding Question What is the path to
transformation in becoming a complete leader?

• Formal Academic Study (Pedagogy and Practice)
• Internship in a real educational setting complete
  with mentoring opportunity for practice
• Continuation of your personal and professional
  growth
• Internship as a part of the path to complete
  leadership is critical-
• leadership candidates need an opportunity to try
  out the skills and
• knowledge acquired in the university classroom.

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The Path to Complete Leadership, contd.

• A Purposive Construction of Self
• Emerging leaders must carefully construct a
  public version of their persona,
• referred to ask the Mask of Command
• When we are leading, we are acting out a role,
  hence leadership is an art form
• The art of leadership is a public performance
  that unlike acting, it requires the necessary
  background and skills necessary to do the job
• Key to the art of leadership is the emerging
  leaders ability to constantly reinvent
  themselves, particularly in the face of defeat

Point to Ponder Think about the leaders you have
known when technology, standards, or
approaches/measures to learning have changed, how
has the leaders ability to change or reinvent
themselves contributed to their success or
failure?
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The Path to Complete Leadership, contd.

• The Importance of Individual Agency
• Individual agency represents the man on a
  mission one person driven by their own
  commitment, ideals, a mission, or a cause to make
  a difference
• Leaders are made, not born much of what we come
  to know about leaders (or believe) is actually
  constructed by his or her followers

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The Path to Complete Leadership, contd.
Science
Art
Common Elements
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Leadership vs. Management

• Manager A maintenance role seeks to improve the
  functions of the current organization. A manager
  is bound to the organization, maintains a
  conservative outlook, and is slow to accept
  change (possible threat to existence)
• Leader Primary function is to change the
  organization
• Managers are the least likely to affect
  significant change within an organization.
  Change, when initiated by management, is
  considered to be more tinkering than real
  transformation.
• W. Edwards Deming (father of TQM) indicated that
  significant change in an organization can never
  be brought without outside intervention. A
  system cannot fully understand itself.

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Activity Reform vs. Refinement?
Block Scheduling Cooperative Learning
Performance Pay Curriculum Alignment
Looping Vouchers Charter Schools
Parental Involvement Strategic Planning
Writing Across the Curriculum Phonics
The Middle School Constructivist Teaching
Accountability Zero-Based Budgeting
Group Counseling Clinical Supervision
Gifted Education Team Teaching
Differentiated Instruction De-tracking
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Leadership vs. Management, contd.

• Sowhich persona is better for schools? Leaders
  or Managers?
• Fenwick English
• Schools are in desperate need of both leaders
• and managersLeadership is necessary to
  organizational growth
• and change. If an organization is not managed, it
  cannot be
• led well.
• Leadership and management, though different, must
  work in
• tandem to effectively run a school.

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Conclusion and Final Considerations

• Partial leadership experiences guide us to desire
  to be a complete leader. The path to complete
  leadership includes
• Formal academic study, internship experience, and
  personal/professional growth
• Purposive construction of self
• Individual agency
• Management and leadership capacity

• Final Points to Ponder
• Are we as educators performing more in a
  management or a leadership capacity?
• Do you agree with English that the path to
  complete leadership must pass through the
  internship phase/process?
• Do our own dissertation proposals seek to advance
  pedagogy practice from a leadership or
  managerial standpoint?