Energy accounts and environmental economic instruments

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Energy accounts and environmental economic
instruments
Viveka Palm, Statistics Sweden. Vienna 2008.
Oslo-group viveka.palm_at_scb.se Ongoing projects
with Eurostat grants financing. Sweden a)
monetary accounts (environmentally motivated and
environmentally harmful energy subsidies, Energy
costs and investments), b) methods for
international transport energy use Norway on
reporting of physical energy accounts.
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The environmental accounts

National Accounts
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Three components of SEEA

• Flows of materials per industry (energy,
  material, emissions, waste)
• Economic variables (labour, taxes, subsidies,
  costs, products and services)
• Natural resources (stocks, quality, value)

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Sectors - Industries - Products
Sectors Industries Product/service
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DPSIR-model
Population Energy use Industry Transport
Response
Driving forces
Laws Taxes, subsidies New technology
Emissions Waste
Impact
Pressure
Bad health Threatened species Econ.losses
Physical, chemical and biological state Air-,
water- and Land quality
State
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goods
capital
Industries, government, households
services
work force
waste
material
emissions
energy
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Regular publishing

• Energy use per industry and final demand
• Emissions to air
• Environmental taxes and subsidies
• Environmental protection expenditure
• Chemical product use
• Waste for selected years
• Environmental goods and services

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Non-regular publishing

• Indicators for sustainable development
• Water-, Land- , Forest accounts
• Household accounts
• Decomposition analysis
• Regional environmental accounts
• Material flow analysis

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Taxes and subsidies in the environmental accounts

• Subsidies
• 1) Product- and other production subsidies
• 2) Investment grants

Taxes 1) Product- and other production taxes 2)
Other levies (e.g. charges)
3) Tax subsidies
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Energy subsidy types
? Direct transfers (to producers, households) ?
Public RD ? Preferential tax treatments ?
Loans ? Trade restrictions ? Price controls ?
Infrastructure
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Environmentally motivated subsidies by industry
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Environmental taxes and subsidies percent of
total

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Environmental taxes
? The OECD and EUROSTAT definition it has
been chosen to single out the tax bases that seem
to have a particular environmental relevance, and
to consider all taxes levied on these tax bases
as environmentally related regardless of the
motives behind their introduction, their names
etc.
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CO2 tax and CO2 emissions by industry (2002)
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Energy tax and fuel use by industry
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SEEA and basic energy statistics

• Time series in focus and regular revisions of
  data! How can this be dealt with in the data
  base planned? Increased quality through
  cooperation.
• Transport energy use by industry, not sector
• Data on renewable energy needed (car fuel e.g.)
• Small business enumerating the surveys by
  industry (NACE), avoiding other sector.
• Different system boundary SNA/air emission
  statistics Fuels that are not bought and sold
  (by-products) are outside of SNA, but in env.
  stat.
• Can energy use and air reporting use the same
  allocation methods? Emissions from processes a
  separate issue.

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Connections to the Oslo group work

• ? Time series in focus and regular revisions of
  classifications! How can this be dealt with in
  the data base planned?
• ? Data on renewable energy needed
• ? Small business enumerated by industry
• Transport energy use by industry, not sector
• ? Fuels that are not bought and sold, outside of
  SNA, but in env. stat.
• ? Energy taxes and subsidies How will they be
  reported to the international bodies. A
  correspondence between SNA reporting and energy
  reporting?
• ? A new user group the modelers of
  environmental -economic instruments