Orthogonal Routing Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks

1
Orthogonal Routing Protocol for Wireless Mesh
Networks

• Bow-Nan Cheng
• Murat Yuksel
• Shivkumar Kalyanaraman

2
Motivation
3
Introduction
Classification of research issues in position
based routing schemes
4
ORP Basic Example
5
ORP Key Design Considerations

• Benefits
• Connectivity with less information required
• Increased security and efficient medium usage
• Scalable more efficient state complexity (order
  N3/2)
• 98 Reachability in realistic scenario
• Unstructured approach to routing
• Evenly distributed state information
• Costs
• ORP Path vs. Shortest Path inefficiency

6
ORP Assumptions

• Neighbor Discovery
• 1-hop neighbors
• Given direction/interface to send packets to
  reach each neighbor
• Local Sense of Direction
• Ability to Transmit/Receive Directionally
• Directional, smart, MIMO antennas
• FSO transceivers

7
ORP Proactive Elements
8
ORP Reactive Elements
9
ORP Deviation Problem
10
Deviation Correction Multiplier Angle Method
(MAM)
11
MAM Basic Example
-2to
A
C
B
to
to
D
S
12
Multiplier Angle Method (MAM)

• min(4t, 4t)
• g p - 4t
• m 2

• min(4t, 4t)
• g p - 4t
• m 3

• min(4t, 6t)
• g p - 4t
• m 2

• min(4t, 6t)
• g p - 4t
• m 3

Void
S
R

• min(4t, 0)
• g p
• m 3

• min(4t, 0)
• g p
• m 0

13
ORP Void Navigation differences from GPSR
perimeter routing

• ORP seeks only intersections between destination
  ORP packets and source ORP packets increased
  flexibility
• MAM is an inherent nature of ORP and not a
  special case that switches on and off like GPSR
  perimeter routing
• ORP MAM requires only 1 state to be maintained in
  the packet vs. GPSRs 3 states

14
ORP Perimeter Forwarding
15
ORP Reachability
16
ORP State Complexity
17
ORP States Maintained in NS Topololgy

• State relatively evenly distributed on plane
• No single point of failure
• Highly scalable
• Peaks at edges
• Due to ORP MAM perimeter routing
• Need to setup TTL on packets to prevent continual
  forwarding

18
Future Work

• Hybrid networks with directional and
  non-directional nodes
• Interface transmission slice study
• Adding additional lines vs. state complexity
  tradeoff
• Mobility and routing loops and errors