U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Program and Policy Update

1
U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and
Timing Program and Policy Update

• Location Asia 2007
• Kowloon, Hong Kong
• September 13-14, 2007

Michael Shaw, Director U.S. National Coordination
Office for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation,
and Timing (PNT)
2
Introduction

• Like the Internet, GPS has become a critical
  component of the global information
  infrastructure
• Scalable applications enabling broad new
  capabilities
• Facilitating innovations in efficiency, safety,
  environmental, public security, and science
• Over the past decade, GPS has grown into a global
  utility providing space-based positioning,
  navigation and timing (PNT)
• Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and
  performance
• Augmentations improve performance even further

3
Overview

• Current GPS Program and Augmentations
• Modernization Plans
• National Space-Based PNT Policy
• International Cooperation
• Summary

4
Current Constellation
30 Operational Satellites (Baseline
Constellation 24)

• 15 Block II/IIA satellites operational
• 12 Block IIR satellites operational
• Modernizing 5 remaining Block IIR satellites
• 3 Block IIR-M satellites operational
• Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C)
• Continuously assessing constellation health to
  determine launch need
• New IIR-M satellite launched Nov 06
• Next launch Sep 07
• Global GPS civil service performance commitment
  met continuously since 1993

5
GPS constellation Delivering excellent
performance
6
International Augmentations
7
GPS Modernization

• System-wide improvements in
• Accuracy
• Availability
• Integrity
• Reliability
• Backward compatibility
• Robustness against interference
• Improved indoor, mobile, and urban use
• Interoperability with other GNSS constellations

8
GPS III Satellites

• Next-generation satellite needed to accommodate
  increasing power requirements
• Development approach to reduce risk, increase
  flexibility
• Separate contracts for space and ground segments
• Acquisition processes for control segment
  /satellite are underway
• OCX Request for Proposal Released contract award
  projected for Oct 07
• GPS IIIA Request for Proposal Released contract
  award projected for Jan 08
• Civil benefits
• Provides operational capability for second (L2C)
  and third (L5) civil signals
• In combination with GPS IIR-M and IIF satellites
• Delivers L1C for interoperability with Galileo
• Significant increase in system accuracy
• Improved availability of accuracy with integrity

9
Modernized GPS Civil Signals

• Second civil signal (L2C)
• Designed to meet commercial needs
• Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction
• Higher effective power and improved data
  structure reduce interference, speed up signal
  acquisition, enable miniaturization of receivers,
  may enable indoor use
• Began with GPS Block IIR-M in Sep 2005 24
  satellites 2014
• Third civil signal (L5)
• Designed to meet demanding requirements for
  transportation safety (safety-of-life)
• Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio
  Navigation Service (ARNS) band
• Begins with GPS Block IIF
• First launch 2008 24 satellites 2016
• Fourth civil signal (L1C)
• Designed with international partners to enable
  GNSS interoperability
• Begins with GPS Block III
• First launch 2013 24 satellites 2021

10
GPS Operational Control Segment (OCS)
Modernization

• Transitioning to new ground segment/system
• Architecture Evolution Plan (AEP) migrates OCS
  from mainframe to distributed architecture
• Provides two new control stations
• New Module at Schriever AFB New Alternate MCS
  (AMCS) at Vandenberg AFB
• AEP provides flexibility to incorporate future
  requirements
• Command and control for IIF (1st launch scheduled
  for 2008)
• Modernization impacts every element of OCS
  architecture

11
United States Policy History

• 1983 President Reagan offers free civilian
  access to GPS
• 1996 President Clinton issues first U.S. GPS
  policy
• Designates GPS a dual-use system under joint
  civil/military management
• 1997 Congress passes law requiring civil GPS to
  be provided free of direct user fees
• 2004 President Bush issues U.S. policy on
  space-based PNT

12
2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy
Updated policy retains 1996 principles

• Recognizes the changing international scene
• Other nations implementing space-based systems
  that provide PNT services
• National Space-Based PNT Executive Committee
• Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and
  Transportation
• Membership includes State, Commerce, Homeland
  Security, JCS and NASA
• Established National Coordination Office (NCO) a
  with staff from each member agency

13
National Space-Based PNT Organizational Structure
WHITE HOUSE
Defense
Transportation
NATIONALSPACE-BASED PNT EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE Co-Chairs Defense, Transportation
State
ADVISORYBOARD Sponsor NASA
Commerce
Homeland Security
Joint Chiefs of Staff
NATIONAL COORDINATIONOFFICE Host Commerce
NASA
14
National Coordination Office (NCO)

• Facilitates information sharing, coordination,
  and issue resolution regarding space-based PNT
  across all Departments
• Evaluates plans to modernize U.S. space-based PNT
  infrastructure
• Conducts or oversees space-based PNT studies,
  analyses, and projects that have broad U.S.
  Government participation
• Represents Executive Committee in discussion with
  federal, state, local, and international
  governments

15
Advisory Board

• Conducts assessments, makes recommendations to
  accomplish national policy goals and objectives
• Twenty-four members 6 international members
• First meeting held March 2007
• Next meeting scheduled for October 2007

16
U.S. International Cooperation
Outlined in 2004 U.S. National Policy on
Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
(PNT)

• Improve performance of civil GPS and
  augmentations to meet or exceed that of
  international systems
• Provide open, free access to information needed
  to develop equipment
• Encourage international development of PNT
  systems based on GPS

• Provide civil GPS and augmentations free of
  direct user fees on a continuous, worldwide basis
• Seek to ensure international systems are
  interoperable, or at a minimum, are compatible,
  with civil GPS and augmentations

17
Bilateral GPS Cooperation

• U.S.-Japan Policy and technical consultations on
  GPS cooperation since 1996
• QZSS augmentation to be compatible, interoperable
  with GPS
• U.S.-EU GPS-Galileo Cooperation Agreement since
  2004
• July 2007 accord on improved civil signal (MBOC)
• U.S.-India Policy and technical consultations on
  GPS cooperation since 2005
• Joint Statement on GNSS Cooperation, February
  2007
• Research into ionospheric distortion/solutions
• U.S.-Russia negotiating GPS-GLONASS Cooperation
  Agreement since 2005
• Discussing greater interoperability of civil
  GPS-GLONASS signals
• U.S.-Australia Joint Delegation Statement on
  Civil GPS cooperation signed April 2007
• Developing enhanced mechanisms for notification
  of GPS satellite operational changes

18
International Committee on GNSS (ICG)

• Emerged from 3rd UNISPACE Conference held in 1999
• Promote GNSS use, particularly in developing
  countries
• Encourage compatibility and interoperability
  among global and regional systems
• Unique mix of GNSS providers (US, EU, Russia,
  Japan, China, India) and international user
  groups
• Focal point for international information
  exchange
• First meeting held in Vienna in November 2006
• Agreed on terms of reference, work plan, and
  concept of GNSS Providers Forum to address
  common issues
• 4- 7 September 2007 in Bangalore, India

19
Web-based Information

• PNT.gov established to disseminate information
  on the U.S. National Executive Committee
• Information on the U.S. National Policy, Exec
  Committee membership, the Advisory Board, and
  frequently asked questions
• Recent public presentations to include this
  presentation
• GPS.gov established to disseminate information
  on GPS applications
• Brochure on GPS applications also available in
  hardcopy upon request
• Contains additional links to various other
  websites

20
Summary

• GPS performance is getting better and continuing
  to improve
• Augmentations enable high performance today
• Second new GPS signal now available
• Additional improvements will continue in the
  future
• U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy continues to provide
  stability and transparency for users and industry
• Encourages/promotes worldwide use of civil GPS
  and augmentations
• U.S. Govt management structure for GPS and
  augmentations is stronger and more active
• Many policy implementation actions in progress
• International cooperation is a U.S. priority

21
Contact Information
Michael E. Shaw Director U.S. National
Coordination Office for Space-Based PNT 14th and
Constitution Ave, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20230
Ph [phone] Fax (202)
482-4429 PNT.Office_at_pnt.gov