Adv' Bio' Ch' 4 A Tour of the Cell

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Adv. Bio. Ch. 4 A Tour of the Cell

• Microscopes as windows to cells
• A. Light microscope LM -
• B. Electron microscope EM
• C. Scanning Electron microscope SEM
• D. Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

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• II. Classes of Cells
• Prokaryotic - bacteria and archaea - 2 of the 3
  domains

Cell membrane DNA
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• B. Eukaryotic - 3rd domain - animal/plant cells
• has nucleus w/ membrane
• Plasma membrane-
• Cytoplasm -
• Only plants have cell walls and chloroplasts

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III. Cell Organelles - 5 areas - A. Nucleus and
Ribosomes -
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• Nucleus
• a) Gene -
• b) Nuclear envelope -
• c) Chromosomes -
• d) chromatin
• e) Nucleolus -

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2) Ribosomes - small dots in the cell outside
of nucleus 3) DNA control
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• B. Endomembrane System - ER, golgi, lysosomes,
  vacuoles
• Endoplasmic Reticulum -
• a) Rough ER
• -transport vesicles - move products from ER to
  other locations
• b) smooth ER -

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2) Golgi apparatus 3) Lysosomes - food
vacuole -lysosomal storage disease
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4) Vacuole - sacs from ER, golgi or plasma
membrane -central vacuole -
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• C. Energy Converting Organelles - 2 kinds
• Chloroplasts -
• Mitochondria -

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D. Cytoskeleton - network of fibers in the
cytoplasm for support and movement - has 3 types
of fibers a) microfilaments - b) intermediate
filaments c) microtubules - -flagella
-cilia
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• E. Cell Surfaces - protection, support,
  interaction
• Plants -
• -cell junctions -
• -plant junctions

2) Animals - no cell walls but have extracellular
matrix (sticky coat)
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3) Plants animals have plasma membrane a)
phosopholipid bilayer. -phosphate head -tail
-proteins in the bilayer
insulin
Message - take in more sugar
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b) Selective permeability -certain things go in
and out through the transport proteins - 2 kinds,
active and passive transport. Passive transport
- diffusion -diffuses until both sides of
membrane have equal concentration
-osmosis Active Transport - energy used to move
molecules across a membrane
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c. Traffic of large molecules -exocytosis -
-endocytosis -3 kinds -phagocytosis
- -pinocytosis -receptor-mediated endocytosis
- d. Cell signaling -