Reproduction

1
Reproduction
2
Hormones

• Estrogen
• Produced by ovaries
• Stimulates development of female secondary sex
  characteristics
• Affect the menstrual cycle
• More dominate in females, males have some as
  well.

3
More hormones

• Testosterone
• Produces the male secondary sex characteristics

4
Female Reproductive System

• Consists of organs in the female boy that are
  involved in producing offspring
• External Structures
• Mons Veneris fatty tissues that covers the pubic
  bone and serves as a cushion
• Labia Majora heavy folds of skin that surround
  the opening of the vagina
• Labia Minora two smaller folds of skin located
  within the labia majora

5
Female Reproductive System

• External Continued
• Clitoris
• a small highly sensitive structure located above
  the opening of the urethra and the vagina within
  the labia majora.
• Hymen
• a thin membrane that stretches across the opening
  of the vagina

6
Female Reproduction System

• Internal
• Ovaries
• female reproductive glands that produce ova and
  estrogen
• Born with between 200,000 and 400,000
• About 375 of these will mature and be released
  during the females lifetime
• Fallopian Tubes
• About 4 inches or 10 centimeters long
• They connect an ovary to the uterus

7
Female Reproductive System

• Internal continued
• Fallopian Tubes (cont.)
• During menstruation, a mature ovum moves through
  the tube to the uterus
• When fertilization occurs, its usually in the
  F.T.
• If ovum is not fertilized it either leaves the
  body or disintegrates
• Uterus
• receives and supports fertilized egg during
  pregnancy and helps during child birth

8
Female Reproduction System

• Internal Structures, continued
• Cervix
• Lowest part of the uterus
• Connects the uterus to the vagina
• Vagina
• Muscular tube that connects the uterus to the
  outside of the body
• Serves as the female organ for sexual
  intercourse, birth canal, and passageway for the
  menstrual flow

9
Male Reproductive System

• External Structures
• Penis
• Male sex organ used for reproduction and
  urination
• Scrotum
• A sac-like pouch that holds the testes
• Regulate the temperature of the testes
• Testes
• Male reproductive glands
• Produce sperm and testosterone
• Sperm
• Male reproductive cells

10
Male Reproductive System

• Internal Structures
• Seminiferous Tubules
• Network of coiled tubules in which sperm are
  produced
• Epididymis
• Comma-shaped structure along the upper rear
  surface of the testes
• Where sperm are stored and mature

11
Male Reproductive System

• Internal Structures cont.
• Vas deferens
• Two long, thin tubes
• Act as a passageway for sperm
• Extend from the epididymis in the scrotum up into
  the abdomen
• Walls are lined with cilia, help move the sperm
• Seminal Vesicles
• Two small glands that secrete a fluid rich in
  sugar that nourish the sperms and helps them move

12
Male Reproductive System

• Ejaculatory Duct
• Short straight tube
• Passes from the prostate gland an dopens in the
  urethra
• Serves as a passageway for the sperm and urine to
  leave the body
• Prostate Gland
• Produces a fluid that helps keep sperm alive
• Located beneath the bladder and surrounds the
  urethra
• Cowpers Gland
• Two small glands that secrete a clear,
  lubricating fluid in the urethra

13
Male Reproductive System

• Erection
• Process that occurs when the penis swells with
  blood and elongates
• May be accompanied with ejaculation
• Ejaculation
• Passage of semen from the penis
• Result of a series of muscular contractions
• Average amount, 1 teaspoon
• 33 mph