The Scope of Biology

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The Scope of Biology

• Chapter 1

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Life on Earth

• Life! ? everywhere on Earth
• Exists
• From the poles to the equator
• From the bottom of the sea to several miles in
  the air
• In freezing waters to dry valleys
• Under the sea in thermal vents
• In groundwater thousands of feet below the
  Earth's surface

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The Biosphere

• Portion of the earth that supports life
• Ecosystem? community of living organisms in an
  area
• Organisms? individual living things

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Classifying life-The Three domains

• Domain ? the broadest category
• Three Domains
• Archae? unicellular, prokaryotes
• Bacteria? unicellular, prokaryotes
• Eukarya? unicellular or multicellular, Eukaryotes
  divided into 4 kingdoms

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Diversity of Life

• Amazing variety of life forms
• Constant interaction between living things
• BUT there is a
• UNITY IN DIVERSITY

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Unity in Diversity

• All organisms are built on a set of basic features

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Cellular organization- all organisms are made of
cells
system

• Unicellular
• Multicellular- shows levels of organization
• Cells ?Tissue?
• Organ?System

tissue
organ
cell
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Living Things Sense and Respond to Change

• Stimulus a change in the environment
• Ex. Chemicals, gravity, darkness, light, sounds,
  tastes
• Ex. A plant placed near a
• window will grow towards the light.
• What is another stimulus?

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Regulation

• Ability to regulate their internal condition
  HOMEOSTASIS
• Sweating in humans,panting in dogs

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Homeostasis

• Maintaining a stable internal environment.
• Temperature, pH, energy, water,

• What does your body do to cool off?
• What does a dog do to cool off?
• How does a snake keep warm / cool ?

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Reproduction Inheritance
Bud
Sexual-combination of both parents
Asexual identical copy of single parent
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Living Things have DNA

• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a special molecule
  inside cells. Your DNA is your blueprint
• Characteristics are passed on from parents to
  offspring by the DNA called heredity.

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Living Things Use Energy

• Energy is required for life activities
• making and breaking down food
• building cells
• maintaining a constant temperature
• Metabolism all the chemical activities an
  organism performs

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Metabolism ?Energy and life

• Activities of life require organisms to perform
  work
• Work depends on a source of energy

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Living Things Grow and Develop

• All organisms grow
• In single celled organisms the cell simply gets
  larger.
• In many celled organisms the number of cells
  increases.
• Organisms also change and develop as they grow.

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Interaction with environment

• Each organism interacts continuously with its
  environment

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Adaptation and Evolution

• An inherited trait that helps the organisms
  ability to survive and reproduce in its
  particular environment
• Process of change over time

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• Diversity comes from variation in DNA

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Form and Function How something works is related
to its structure
Birds wing