World Lead Production

1
World Lead Production
(ore Pb-S)
2
Natural emissions 5 Anthropogenic 95
Lead Use - 1989
3
Leaded Gas
1974 phase-out
Greenland Ice Core Pb
4
Lead Exposures
Diet Ingest Absorb Retain Adults 100 5-15
5 Children 100 42 32

• Acid pH incr. solubility
• Bioconcentration-Yes Biomagnification-No!

5
Lead Toxicity
LOWEST OBSERVABLE

• X-enzymes
• X-membrane proteins

6
Lead Toxicity
7
Lead Toxicity in Blood
AL AL PBG Heme
ALAD
How? Displaces Zn
8
Lead Chelators

• Pb mimics Ca
• Bone storage

Ca-EDTA
9
Hematocrit
ALAD
Hemoglobin
Heme Precursor
10

• Background Lead Levels
• Freshwater 1-10 ppb
• Soil 2-200 ppm
• Leadville, CO 1000 ppm
• Eggs in China 0.21 ppb

• Acceptable Limits
• Max Daily Intake 100 ug
• Max Blood Conc 100 ppb
• EPA Tap Water 5 ppb
• Toxic Waste gt500 ppm