Survey of contaminated sites

1
Centre of Excellence
Comparison of MSCE-POP calculations with
available measurements with emphasis on data from
the Czech Republic and Balkan countries - active
and passive sampling campaigns Ivan Holoubek,
Jana Klánová
RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno,
CR holoubek_at_recetox.muni.cz http//recetox.muni.c
z
CRLTAP EMEP/TFMM Workshop on the review of the
MSC-East models on HMs and POPS Moscow, Russia,
13-14/10/2005
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RECETOX - EU Centre of Excellence -
http//recetox.muni.cz/
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Contents

• RECETOX
• Monitoring as a tool of environmental research
• Sampling strategy
• Air monitoring active and passive sampling
• Comparison of the results from MSCE-model and
  RECETOX data from the CR
• Comparison of the results from MSCE-model and
  RECETOX data from the Western Balkan countries

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Contents

• RECETOX
• Monitoring as a tool of environmental research
• Sampling strategy
• Air monitoring active sampling
• Air monitoring passive sampling
• Comparison of the results from MSCE-model and
  RECETOX data from the CR
• Comparison of the results from MSCE-model and
  RECETOX data from the Western Balkan countries

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EU-DG Research Centre of Excellence for
Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,
Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic
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Why do we need the environmental data ?

• Occurrence and environmental levels
  effectivness of measures, conventions,
  directives, comparsion
• Study of environmental fate scientific
  interest, more of environmental realism, better
  knowledge of distribution
• Monitoring of temporal and spatial trends tool
  for any approaches concerning to environmental
  fate and distribution
• Measurements vs. Modelling more of
  environmental realism, better knowledge of
  properties, distribution, effectivness of
  measures
• Decision making process, cost benefit analysis
• ..

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Environmental fate of POPs
?
How well do we understand the fate of POPs ?
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Monitoring
Integrated monitoring of POPs the comparison of
the contamination on the regional and local
levels Why monitoring ? Is a monitoring only
rutine procedure or can we use this as a tool for
study of environmental processes ?
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Integrated monitoring
INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE PROGRAMME ON
INTEGRATED MONITORING (ICP-IM)

• The main aim of integrated monitoring programme
  is to determine and predict the state of
  ecosystems (or catchments) and their changes from
  a long-range perspective, with respect to the
  regional variation and impact of air pollution,
  especially nitrogen, sulphur and ozone, and
  including effects on biota.

• The overall aim of integrated monitoring was
  originally to determine and predict the state and
  change of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems
  in a long-term perspective with respect to the
  impact of air pollutants including persistent
  organics.

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RECETOX conception of POPs monitoring
Study of occurrence of persistent organic
polutants in the environment as a basic source of
information for evaluation of potential human and
wildife exposure - global, regional and national
inventories
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Contents

• RECETOX
• Monitoring as a tool of environmental research
• Sampling strategy
• Air monitoring active and passive sampling
• Comparison of the results from MSCE-model and
  RECETOX data from the CR
• Comparison of the results from MSCE-model and
  RECETOX data from the Western Balkan countries

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RECETOX Sampling Strategy
Temporal and spatial trends on the regional,
subregional and local scale
Continental scale
Subcontinental scale
Country scale
Regional scale
City scale
Source scale
Observatory scale
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RECETOX Sampling Strategy What we have ?
Active sampling campaigns
Temporal and spatial trends on the regional,
subregional and local scale
Continental scale 10 sites, 1988 (1996) 20XX
A w 2w-? DEP evently - monthly PAHs,
OCPs, PCBs
Subcontinental scale 21 sites, 2003 - 2004,
week sampling campaigns PAHs, OCPs, PCBs
Country scale round 60 sampling sites, episodic
campaigns, few days every week, 1993 20XX,
PAHs, PCBs, OCPs, PCDDs/Fs
Regional scale 3 20 sampling sites, one week
campaings, 1993 20XX, PAHs, PCBs, OCPs, PCDDs/Fs
City scale 3 5 sampling sites, one week
campaings, 1993 20XX, PAHs, PCBs, OCPs, PCDDs/Fs
Source scale 3 10 sampling sites, episodic
campaings, 1993 20XX, PAHs, PCBs, OCPs, PCDDs/Fs
Observatory 1 site, 1988 (1996) 20XX A w
DEP evently PAHs, OCPs, PCBs
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RECETOX Sampling Strategy What we have ?
Passive sampling campaigns
Temporal and spatial trends on the regional,
subregional and local scale
Subcontinental scale 34 sites, 2003 - 2005, 28
d sampling campaigns, half a year or longer
PAHs, OCPs, PCBs (SCCPs), GENTOX ca 10 will
continue
Country scale round 60 sampling sites, 28 d
campaigns, ca one year, 2004 20XX, PAHs, PCBs,
OCPs (SCCPs) ca 15 will continue
Regional scale up to 20 sampling sites, 28 d
campaings, 2004 20XX, PAHs, PCBs, OCPs (SCCPs),
GENTOX ca 7 ..
City scale 24 sampling sites, 28 d campaings, 1
y, 2004, PAHs, PCBs, OCPs, PCBs, GENTOX - ca 3
will continue
Source scale up to 10 sampling sites, 28 d
campaings, 2004-2005, PAHs, PCBs, OCPs, ca 5 will
continue
Observatory 1 site, 28 d campaings, 2004 -
20XX PAHs, OCPs, PCBs, 1 will continue
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RECETOX Sampling Strategy What we have ?
Soils
Temporal and spatial trends on the regional,
subregional and local scale
Subcontinental scale 34 sites, 2003 - 2005,
during ASCs PAHs, OCPs, PCBs
Country scale round 200 sampling sites, 1
5-times per y, 1988 20XX, PAHs, PCBs, OCPs
(driens, tox.), PCDDs/Fs
Regional scale 20 40 sampling sites, one
times per y not regular, 1993 20XX, PAHs, PCBs,
OCPs, PCDDs/Fs
City scale 3 5 sampling sites, episodic
campaings, 1993 20XX, PAHs, PCBs, OCPs, PCDDs/Fs
Source scale 3 12 sampling sites, 1-4 times
per y, research experiments, 1989 20XX, PAHs,
PCBs, OCPs, PCDDs/Fs
Observatory 6 sites, 1988 20XX 1-times per
y PAHs, OCPs, PCBs, PCDDs
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RECETOX Sampling Strategy What we have ?
Vegetation
Temporal and spatial trends on the regional,
subregional and local scale
Regional scale 20 sampling sites, one times per
y not regular, 1993 20XX, PAHs, PCBs, OCPs
Source scale 3 12 sampling sites, 1-4 times
per y, research experiments, 1989 1996, PAHs,
PCBs, OCPs, PCDDs/Fs
Observatory 6 sites, 1988 20XX 1-times per
y PAHs, OCPs, PCBs mosses, needles
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Use of the results from local monitoring for
validation of models
Local levels - small catchment (Central European
background) 3 km2 9 soil sampling sites ( 7
vegetation sites )
Regional level - river valley (small industrial
city) - 300 km2 22 soil sampling sites
Country level 127 000 km2 200 soil sampling
sites
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Contents

• RECETOX
• Monitoring as a tool of environmental research
• Sampling strategy
• Air monitoring active and passive sampling
• Comparison of the results from MSCE-model and
  RECETOX data from the CR
• Comparison of the results from MSCE-model and
  RECETOX data from the Western Balkan countries

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Regional monitoring of POPs
EMEP POPs Network
Observatory Koetice
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Integrated monitoring of POPs sampling sites
and sampling frequency Observatory Koetice
from 1988
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Integrated monitoring of POPs sampling sites
and sampling frequency Observatory Koetice
from 1988
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Determined POPs

• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
• Organochlorinated pesticides (DDTs, HCHs, HCB)
• Polychlorinated biphenyls (28, 52, 101, 118, 138,
  153, 180)

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Monitoring network of POPs in EMEP
deposition, surface waters, sediments, soils,
mosses, needles
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APOPSBAL
Assessment of the selected POPs (PCBs, PCDDs/Fs,
OCPs) in the atmosphere and water ecosystems from
waste materials generated by warfare in former
Yugoslavia
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HCB and PeCBz in air, observatory Koetice,
seasonal variations, sampling every week, gas
phase only, 1996 - 2004 ng.m-3
Effects of floods in Moravian region at 1997 and
in South and Central Bohemia at 2002
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R-TA Network
Sampling sites passive sampling
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APOPSBAL RECETOX sampling sites
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Contents

• RECETOX
• Monitoring as a tool of environmental research
• Sampling strategy
• Air monitoring active sampling
• Air monitoring passive sampling
• Comparison of the results from MSCE-model and
  RECETOX data from the CR
• Comparison of the results from MSCE-model and
  RECETOX data from the Western Balkan countries

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Distribution of PAHs in DEZA vicinity,
19/03-16/04/2004 - Biggest circle represents the
total amount of 0.533 mg of PAHs sequestered on
the filter
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Distribution of HCHs in SPOLANA vicinity,
16/02-15/03/2004 Biggest circle represents the
total amount of 445 ng of HCHs (a sum of a, ß, ?,
d-HCH) sequestered on the filter
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Temporal variations of PAHs in DEZA vicinity,
sampling site Astronomic observatory Valaské
Mezirící
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Temporal variations of DDTs in Spolana, sampling
site Spolana-gate
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Wire frames the three-dimensional presentation
of the relative PAHs contamination (Kriging
geostatistical method)
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Correlation of the sum of PAHs (bars) and
induction factors
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Observatory Koetice comparison of measurements
and calculation - ambient air BaP
Measured and calculated temporal trends of BaP
air concentrations at CZ3 for the period 1996
2003 ng.m-3
Seasonal variations of BaP air concentrations
at CZ3 in 1997 - 2003 (outliers are marked green)
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Observatory Koetice comparison of measurements
and calculation wet deposition BaP
Measured and calculated BaP concentrations in
precipitation at CZ3 for the period 1997 2003
ng.l-1
Seasonal variations of BaP concentrations in
precipitation at CZ3 in 1997 2003 (outliers are
marked green)
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Observatory Koetice comparison of measurements
and calculation - ambient air PCB-153
Measured and calculated temporal trends of
PCB-153 air concentrations at CZ3 for the period
1997 2003 pg.m-3
Measured and calculated seasonal variations
PCB-153 pg.m-3 air concentrations at CZ3 in
1997 - 2003 (outliers are marked green)
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Observatory Koetice comparison of measurements
and calculation wet deposition PCB-153
Measured and calculated seasonal variations of
PCB-153 concentrations in precipitation at CZ3
for the period 1997 2003 ng.l-1
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RECETOX main sampling areas (air, soils)
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Czech Republic comparison of measurements and
calculation - ambient air BaP
lt 4.6 6.6
0.59-0.89 1.78 0.01-4.77
0.89-1.3 0.269 lt 0.01-17.56
0.89-1.3 0.996 1.96-7.17
0.59-0.89 0.11 lt 0.01-3.49
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Czech Republic comparison of measurements and
calculation - ambient air HCB
0.068-0.07 0.117 0.016-0.835
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Location of basal monitoring plots, CR
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Basal soil monitoring POPs
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Soil POPs Study 2001
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Soil contents of PCDDs/Fs, CR, 1999
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Aggregated data concerning to the level of
contamination of selected areas in the CR by
PCDDs/Fs
Archive of Project TOCOEN (Toxic Organic
COmpounds in the ENvironment), owned by
Consortium RECETOX TOCOEN Associates median
(minimum - maximum) n number of analyzed
samples. Sampling continues
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Czech Republic comparison of measurements and
calculation - soil HCB
Ca 0.25 2.21 (0.47 11.9)
0.25-0.29-033 3.28 (0.02 44.2)
lt 0.20 2.54 (0.54 10 295)
0.25-0.29 0.75 (0.06 8.39)
0.25-0.29 0.55 (0.04 9.18)
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Aggregated data concerning to the level of
contamination of selected areas in the CR by POPs
Archive of Project TOCOEN (Toxic Organic
COmpounds in the ENvironment), owned by
Consortium RECETOX TOCOEN Associates median
(minimum - maximum) n number of analyzed
samples. Sampling continues
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Czech Republic comparison of measurements and
calculation - soil PCDDs/Fs
28.5 (11.2 141.6)
1.5-1.8 2.42 (1.27 4.45)
gt 2.0 1.82 (0.97 7.11)
1.2-1.5 0.78 (0.42 13.7)
1.2-1.5 1.3 (0.3 16.4)
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Contents

• RECETOX
• Monitoring as a tool of environmental research
• Sampling strategy
• Air monitoring active sampling
• Air monitoring passive sampling
• Comparison of the results from MSCE-model and
  RECETOX data from the CR
• Comparison of the results from MSCE-model and
  RECETOX data from the Western Balkan countries

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Croatia PCBs - 2003
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Croatia HCB - 2003
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BaH PCBs - 2004
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BaH HCB - 2004
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SaM PCBs 2003/4
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SaM HCB 2003/4
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Thank you very much for your kind attention

• Acknowledgements for the support of our work
• UNEP/UNIDO/GEF
• EU DG Research Centre of Excellence
• EC 5FP APOPSBAL ICA2 - CT2002-10007
• MoEdu CR project INCHEMBIOL MSM0021622412
• MoE CR
• GA CR
• CHMI

http//recetox.muni.cz/
holoubek_at_recetox.muni.cz