Overview of Industrial Environmental Management in China

1
Overview of Industrial Environmental Management
in China

• Environmental Management
• College of China
• Kong Fande, Professor

2
Contents

• Development course of industrial environ.
  management in China
• Laws, regulations and standards of industrial
  environ. management in China
• Major systems and instruments of industrial
  environ. management in China
• Major progress made by industrial environ.
  management in China
• Main challenges of industrial environ.
  management in China
• Recommendations for improving industrial environ.
  management in China

3
Development course of industrial environ.
management in China

• 1. Before 1973
• Local pollution and ecological destruction
  resulted from steel industrial development
• Unreasonable industrial distributions and mixed
  distribution of industrial areas and residential
  areas
• 1973 1983
• Establishment of environmental organizations
• Formulation of National Three-wastes
  (wastewater, air pollution, waste solid)
  Emission Standard in November 1973

4
Development course of industrial environ.
management in China

• Formulation of integrated reuses of
  three-wastes in April 1977
• Started to implement environ. Management systems
  of EIA, Three Simultaneousness and pollution
  treatment within limited period
• Environmental protection was incorporated into
  State Constitution in 1978
• Formulation of National Environmental Protection
  Law in 1979?
• 1983 1995
• Defining EP as a national basic policy in 1983

5
Development course of industrial environ.
management in China

• Formulation of the eight environmental
  management systems in 1989
• releasing 10 measures of national Environment
  and development, National Agenda 21 of China and
  National action plan of EP China
• Confirming three changes in 1993, by the second
  national conference on industrial pollution
  control
• (1)The end-of-pipe Process control
• (2)concentration control concentration
  and total pollution control
• (3)decentralized treatment -- centralized
  treatment

6
Development course of industrial environ.
management in China

• 1995
• Implementing clean production and sustainable
  development strategies
• Reforming the traditional economic development
  models
• Adopting ISO14000 and enterprises environmental
  auditing
• Trying to achieve emissions 100 complying with
  standards
• Implementing total pollution control
• Planning the third national conference on
  industrial pollution control in 2004. Key tasks
  of this Conference are to promote clean
  production and enterprises environmental auditing.

7
Major Laws, Regulations and Standards for
Industrial Environmental Management in China

• Major Laws
• Various environment related laws, in particular,
  air pollution, water pollution, solid waste,
  noise control, sea pollution control laws
• Clean Production Laws (01/01/2003)
• EIA Law (01/09/2003)
• Major regulations
• Construction project management regulation
• Hospital waste management regulation

8
Major Laws, Regulations and Standards for
Industrial Environmental Management in China

• Dangerous chemicals management regulation
• Other pollution control regulations?
• Standards
• Integrated wastewater emission standard
• Integrated air pollutants emission standard
• Enterprises noise control standard
• Various industrial sectors emission standards
• Standard for landfill and incineration.

9
Major systems and approaches for Industrial
Environmental Management in China

• Major systems
• EIA
• Three-simultaneousness (Installations for the
  prevention and control of pollution at a
  construction project must be designed, built and
  commissioned together with the principal part of
  the project)
• Centralized pollution treatment and treatment
  with limited time
• In-site supervision
• Pollution registration
• Reporting the pollution accident

10
Major systems and approaches for Industrial
Environmental Management in China

• Major approaches
• Command-and-Control
• Based on laws, regulations, standards and
  management systems
• For old enterprises (Flexible policies, not
  strict standards, treatment within limited time,
  and closing, stopping, merging, transferring and
  moving)
• For old enterprises(Strict standards and
  environmental requirements)

11
Major systems and approaches for Industrial
Environmental Management in China

• Major approaches
• Command-and-control
• Emission standards
• Environmental permit
• Treatment within limited period
• Total pollution control
• Producers environmental responsibility and
  extended producers environ. Responsibility.

12
Major systems and approaches for Industrial
Environmental Management in China

• Major approaches
• (2)Economic approaches
• Fees?subsidies
• Environmental tax
• Deposit
• Trading of environmental emission load

13
Major systems and approaches for Industrial
Environmental Management in China

• Major approaches
• (3)Voluntary agreement
• Still in the feasible study phase
• Environmental friendly enterprises
• (4)Availability of environmental information of
  enterprises
• Still in the phase of demonstration and spreading
• Stimulating public participation

14
Major systems and approaches for Industrial
Environmental Management in China

• 3.Comparison

15
Progress in Industrial Pollution Control in China
16
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• The figure shows
• There is no substantially increasing of
  industrial emissions, while the economy is
  increasing by 8 annually, due to successful
  implementation of command-and-control?
• There is no substantially decreasing of
  emissions, and we still have great potentials for
  reducing industrial emissions. For this purpose,
  we need more approaches.

17
Main Problems in Industrial Environmental
Management in China

• End-of-pipe
• Large amount of emission,lower rate of complying
  emission standard
• High resource consumption,lower efficiency,lower
  profit
• Not advanced technology and facility
• Seriously shortage of money for pollution
  control
• Friendly cooperations between government and
  enterprises are not enough. Need more incentives
  for stimulating enterprises enthusiasm for
  environmental protection.

18
Recommendations

• Reforming the traditional end-of-pipe, promoting
  pollution prevention, clean production and
  process control
• Building public-private-partnership for enhancing
  environmental management
• Taking the command-and-control as the principal
  approach. Meanwhile, developing and demonstrating
  more flexible, feasible and effective approaches,
  e.g. economic approaches and voluntary
  approaches
• Promoting clean production and environmental
  friendly enterprises.

19
Question