An Overview of the MEF

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Carrier Ethernet in Depth Access, Metro, Core

• Peter Green
• Product Line Manager - Ethernet Services
  Portfolio
• BTI Systems, Ottawa, Canada
• www.btisystems.com

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Carrier Ethernet Scope and Expansion
Bringing vastly extended scalability for business
and residential users
HD TV TVoD, VoD
Gaming, Business Backup, ERP
Voice gateway
Voice/Video Telephony
Video Source
Video Source
Carrier Ethernet
Network
Business Broadband
COPPER, FIBER, COAX and WIRELESS
Broadband mobile data/video
E-Line and E-LAN service
Residential Triple-Play
Small/Medium Business
FTTx and DSLAM , Cable Modem
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Carrier Ethernet Service Architecture
Metro
Metro
Business
Business
Core

• METRO
• SDH/SONET
• 802.1ad Q-in-Q
• PBB/PBB-TE
• WDM
• OTN

• ACCESS
• PDH
• Active Fiber
• PON
• HFC
• Wireless

Residential
Residential
SERVICE MANAGEMENT
Ethernet OAM/CFM Performance Monitoring Class
of Service
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ACCESS
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Ethernet Access over Copper

• ITU standard for Ethernet in the first mile
  include multiple PHY options to provide a
  ubiquitous service footprint
• Hybrid copper and fiber deployments provide a
  seamless end-to-end Ethernet access for Ethernet
  Metro core networks
• Fiber to the node, copper from the curb

Metro Core
Internet
EFM Access
Triple play
Extended Range
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Ethernet over PDH
Subscriber Ethernet Frame in S-VLAN / EVC
Ethernet Frame
Bonded T1s/E1s
Channelized DS3/E3
EoPDH Aggregator
EoPDH CLE
Ethernet Transport Network
Enterprise or Cell Site
LEC/PTT
IP
IP
ETH
ETH

• Ethernet Frames enter EoPDH Customer Located
  Equipment (CLE) and encapsulated
• Into MLPPP or GFP for transport over PDH network
• LEC/PTT network multiplexes T1s/E1s into
  channelized DS3 or E3 circuits
• Channelized DS3/E3 circuits terminated on EoPDH
  edge aggregation device
• T1s/E1s extracted from channelized DS3/E3
  circuits
• MLPPP or GFP terminated and Ethernet Frame
  Extracted
• Each subscribers Ethernet frames mapped to
  S-VLANs (EVC)
• To preserve subscribers C-VLAN IDs and 802.1p
  CoS
• S-VLAN-tagged Ethernet frame (EVC) to Ethernet
  Transport Network
• Providing transport for EVPL, E-LAN or access to
  IP services, e.g., Internet access

Enables multiple revenue generating services over
same PDH infrastructure
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Ethernet Access over Active Fiber

• Distance
• Up to 140 Km with No Bandwidth Loss
• Highest Bandwidth Capacity
• P2P 100 Mbps, 1 Gigabit, 10 Gigabit
• WDM 100s of Gigabits
• Security
• Physically Secure Medium with no EMF emission
  nearly impossible to tap lines
• Scalability
• EVC / E-Line / E-LAN using Q-in-Q VLAN
• High Capacity enables Rate Limiting tiered
  services
• Reliability
• - Protection with Redundant Links Resilient
  Rings
• - OAM Performance Monitoring Fault
  Notification
• Secure Service Management
• 802.3ah OAM IP-less Management Provisioning
• NIDs provide Securely Managed Demarcation

Central Office
Media Conversion
NID Demarcation
Multi-Customer NID Demarcation
A/D Mux
WDM Ring
A/D Mux
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Ethernet Access over Passive Optical Networks

• Technology that offers
• Passive splitters used to share a single fiber
  among subscribers
• Bandwidth per subscriber to 2.5Gb/s downstream /
  1.25Gb/s upstream
• No electronics in outside plant
• GPON or WDM PON

Optical Network Terminal (ONT)
CPE
10/100/1000
Wavelength Splitter/Combiner
1310nm l
Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
1490nm l
Subscribers
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Carrier Ethernet over HFC Cable Plant
Metro Ring
PWE
PWE
PON
FTTC
FTTP
100 Mbps
Up to 1Gbps
WDM
WDM
1-10 Gbps
Coax Trunk
Cable Amplifier
Cable HFC Node
1-10 Gbps
WDM
1 Gbps
Switched Ethernet Over Coax
WDM
fiber
coax
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Ethernet Access over Wireless Optical Mesh

• Service Provider Requirements
• Fast service activation
• Profitable / high margin
• Minimal capex
• High bandwidth
• Reliable service
• Scalable bandwidth
• No licensing or permits
• No interference
• The Wireless Optical Mesh
• An Alternative to Lateral Fiber Expansion
• Service provider can lower the cost of reaching
  the customer from 95
• Turn the network up indays vs. months
• Achieve an ROI of just afew months

Time to add six more fiber laterals 2-3 months
Fiber
Time to install 7 optical mesh nodes 2 days
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METRO
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Metro Overview

• SDH/SONET
• Ethernet over MPLS (VPLS)
• 802.1ad Q-in-Q
• PBB/PBB-TE (PBT)
• WDM
• OTN

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Ethernet over SONET/SDH
Robust uniform packet transport over global
standard Simple multi-service adaptation (no
intermediary protocols) Minimises capital
investment - existing infrastructure
re-use Simple service introduction - existing OSS
practices are used

• Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)
• Multiprotocol support GE, Fibre Channel, IP
• Single global industry standard
• App. convergence on optical connectivity
• Virtual Concatenation (VCAT)
• Grouping of virtual containers to match required
  bandwidth
• Efficient network resource utilization
• Link Capacity Augmentation Scheme (LCAS)
• Dynamic time-of-day bandwidth allocation
• SONET/SDH Framing/Wrapping
• Connection-oriented, deterministic latency
• Secure and resilient, sub-50ms failover

GFP-F
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Ethernet over MPLS (VPLS)

• Emulates an extended LAN
• Provides transparency and full learning and
  switching capabilities
• Carrier- class scalability and service delivery
• VPLS defined by IETF (RFC4762)
• CPE can be a Switch or a Router
• 4096 VLANs overcome through MPLS encapsulation
  tunneling
• VLANs used as service delimiters on access links
  to enterprise
• No spanning tree required

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Provider Bridging (IEEE 802.1ad)
MAC 0030481130c1 ? SA
MAC 00d0b789b818 ? DA
CUSTOMER A

• VLANs
• Multiple network domains can share the same
  physical network with no traffic mixing through
  Tagging (Q Tag)
• Provider Bridges
• Provides separate instances of services to
  different customers (QinQ or VLAN Stacking)
• Solution Benefits
• Scalability beyond Enterprise class networking
• Segregation of customer traffic
• Demarcation between service provider and customer
  network domains
• Limited data network engineering cooperation
  required

IEEE802.1
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Provider Backbone Bridging (IEEE 802.1ah)
IEEE 802.1ah Overview (Mac-in-Mac, or MinM)
Network View
Customer Perspective
A
A
A
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PBB-TE Baseline Concept
Conventional Ethernet

• Media Access Control address the hard-coded,
  globally unique address of the physical layer
  device that is attached to the network
• VLAN ID a globally unique identifier of a loop
  free domain in which MAC addresses can be flooded
• Same functionality as in conventional Ethernet
• Now identifies a specific path through the
  network to a given destination, which is globally
  unique to that MAC DA

Transition Configure loop free paths instead of
using Flooding Learning Value The B-VID is
freed up to denote something else!
The Basis of PBB-TE
The only change is forwarding information is no
longer learned by a switch but provided
resulting in a prescribed, predictable,
pre-determined path
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Provider Backbone Bridges Traffic Engineering

• PBB-TE creates deterministic paths through an
  Ethernet network
• Tunnels can be used to provide 50ms resilience,
  load sharing, path diversity
• Uses Ethernet switch/bridge forwarding behavior,
  but turns some functions off
• Flooding of unknowns, Spanning Tree Protocol,
  Source address Learning
• Management tool sets up connections, populating
  switch bridging tables
• Allows efficient usage of network resources
• The VLAN tag is no longer a network global
  scaling issues are removed
• VLAN tags now used to set up per destination
  alternate paths
• A range of VLANs can be used for bridging (PBB)
  and another range for PBB-TE

Service Network Management
Working Path
?
B-VID 46
Protect Path
?
?
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WDM

• Wavelength Division Multiplexing
• Allows the combination of multiple optical
  signals onto a single fiber pair
• Increases physical fiber network capacity from
  10G ? virtual fiber with 320G capacity
• Requires wavelength translation to different
  frequencies to eliminate channel collisions
• Flexibility to add/drop single and/or groups of
  wavelengths with different filters
• WDM Types

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G.709 Optical Transport Network (OTN)
Multi-Service Delivery, Extended Reach,
Integrated Protection and Management
Storage
Single and multi-channel interfaces for any
digital payload IP, Ethernet, Storage, SONET/SDH
Ethernet
Video
SONET/SDH
Integrated Performance Monitoring
Increased availability with WAN facility
Automatic Protection Switching (APS)
Extended reach and improved throughput with
Forward Error Correction (FEC)
GCC for OAMP communications
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SERVICE MANAGEMENT
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OAM Layer Components
E2E Performance Monitoring
E2E Fault Monitoring
P2P Link Fault Management

• Each layer supports OAM capabilities
  independently
• OAMs interoperate
• Component responsibilities are complementary

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Link Fault Management OAM
NID
NID
802.3ah
802.3ah
802.3ah
802.3ah
802.3ah
802.3ah
802.3ah
802.3ah
802.3ah

• Link OAM - IEEE 802.3ah Per link
  (point-to-point)
• Link monitoring -- Remote loopback
• Remote failure indication -- Loopback Control
• Good for single links, but does not monitor
  across EVC

Ethernet Link Fault Management performed by
Carrier Ethernet network elements and NIDs
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E2E Service OAM Maintenance Associations

• Maintenance Association (MA) Boundaries of an
  Administrators scope of monitoring part of the
  network
• Maintenance Domain (MD) A level of monitoring
  within the hierarchy
• Maintenance End Points (MEP) End Points of the
  MA or MD
• Maintenance Intermediate Points (MIP)
  Intermediate Points within MA or MD

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E2E Service OAM - Hierarchical Domains

• A flat network is difficult to manage and define
  accountabilities
• Hierarchical Maintenance Domains defines OAM
  Flows OAM responsibilities

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Ethernet Service Connectivity Fault Management

• IEEE 802.1ag for EVC Connectivity Fault
  Management
• For Protection/Restoration
• Connectivity Check Messages (CCMs) for heartbeats
• For diagnostic purposes
• Connectivity Check (Layer 2 Ping), Link Trace,
  Loopbacks
• CCMs initiated between
• Management Endpoints (MEPs / UNIs)
• Management Intermediate Points (MIPs / NNIs)
• Management Endpoints and Intermediate Points
  (UNI-NNI)

Connectivity Fault Management provided by Carrier
Ethernet network elements and NIDs
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Ethernet Service Continuity Check
UNI
IP/MPLS Core Network
UNI
Metro Aggregation Network
Metro Aggregation Network
Access Network
Access Network
MEP 2
MEP1
MIP
MIP
MIP
MIP
Maintenance Association (MA)
MIP
MIP
MEP 2 Report on CC fault if no CCMs are received
from MEP 1 for 30ms
MEP 2 CCMs sent every 10ms Check for CCMs
received from MEP 1
Ethernet continuity check is analogous to IPs
Ping but does much more
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Ethernet Link Trace
UNI
IP/MPLS Core Network
UNI
Metro Aggregation Network
Metro Aggregation Network
Access Network
Access Network
Link trace Reply
Ethernet Link Trace is analogous to IPs
Traceroute
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Service Performance Management

• Key Metrics
• Frame/Packet Delay Latency (e.g. UNI/UNI
  30ms_at_99.9_at_15min)
• Frame/Packet Delay Variation Jitter (e.g.
  10ms_at_99.9_at_15min)
• Frame/Packet Loss Ratio (e.g. CIR FL1_at_15min)
• Service Availability (e.g. 99.99_at_30days)
• ITU-T has defined measurement framework/metrics
  for items 1-3
• IP packet-based measurements
• ITU-T Y.1731 defines how to use 802.1ag to
  measure performance
• MEF has defined measurement framework for items
  1-4
• Ethernet Frame-based measurements
• MEF 10.1 defines formulae for metrics calculation

The combination of IEEE 802.1ag, ITU-T Y.1731 and
MEF 10.1 define Ethernet service performance
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Interfaces and Ethernet Virtual Circuits
E2E Service OAM Fault-802.1ag Perform-Y.1731
UNI
UNI
Point-to-Point EVC
Point-to-Point EVC
UNI
Carrier B
Link OAM 802.3ah
E-NNI
UNI
Carrier A
Multi-point to Multi-point EVC
UNI
UNI
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Summary

• New Protocol Solutions
• Point-to-Point Link OAM (802.3ah)
• End-to-End Service Connectivity Fault OAM
  (802.1ag)
• End-to-End Service Performance Monitoring OAM
  (Y.1731)
• Enable quick turn-up Acct acquisition/revenue
• Increase reliability/up-time Acct
  retention/revenue
• Enables SLA commitments Keep revenue
• Enable efficient service operation / maintenance
  (man/machine/time/energy) reduce OPEX

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Summary

• A variety of access options increase the
  availability of Carrier Ethernet services
• Ethernet over MPLS provides a reliable solution
  in the core
• New transport options developed for metro
  networks have emerged
• End-to-end services can use different transport
  options in the access, metro and core
• PBB VPLS provides a scalable solution for
  global Ethernet services

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For in-depth presentations of Carrier Ethernet
for business, Ethernet services, technical
overview, certification program etc., visit
www.metroethernetforum.org/presentations
For more information regarding joining the
MEF Visit www.metroethernetforum.org Email us
at manager_at_metroethernetforum.org Call us
at 1 310 258 8032 (California, USA)