Using Interactive Multimedia in Health Education: A Literature Review

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Using Interactive Multimedia in Health Education
A Literature Review

• Sandy Saperstein, MS
• Public Health Informatics Research Lab
• Department of Public Community Health

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Acknowledgements

• Dr. Nancy Atkinson
• Dr. Bob Gold
• Department of Public and Community Health Faculty

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Research Questions

• How are behavior change theories being used to
  guide the development of interactive multimedia
  in health education?
• What instructional methods have been used in
  interactive multimedia in health education and
  what is their effectiveness?

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Method Literature Review

• Search Strategy Medline
• Dates 1966 - March 2003
• Keywords
• Interactive Multimedia - 291 abstracts
• Interactive Multimedia Health Education - 49
  abstracts
• 26 abstracts selected for review

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Inclusion Criteria

• Multimedia Intervention
• For general population or sub-population
• To affect health attitudes or behaviors
• Includes theoretical framework or instructional
  design discussion
• English language

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Exclusion Criteria

• Intervention designed solely to
• increase knowledge
• aid in patient/physician decision-making
• to educate healthcare providers

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Data Extraction

• 16 total articles
• 13 from Medline search 3 additional articles
• Published between 1997 2003
• Study types
• 2 Randomized clinical trials
• 10 Pre-experimental designs
• 4 Descriptive articles
• Ages targeted
• Children 33
• Adolescent 27
• Adult 40

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Health Education Areas
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Findings

• 4 critical planning elements for computer-based
  instructional design(Hardin Reis, 1997)
• Audience
• Objectives
• Methods
• Evaluation

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1. Audience

• Literature review formative research
• 73 reported doing focus groups
• Role of theory

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2. Objectives

• What will the user specifically achieve by using
  your program?
• Clear, specific objectives drive the next phases
  of development

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Health Behavior Theories
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3. Methods

• Commonly used methods
• tutorials
• hypermedia
• drill and practice
• problem-solving
• games
• simulations

Body Fun, 1994
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Methods to Influence Self-Efficacy

• Simulations
• Video clips
• Supportive corrective feedback
• Coach

Body Fun Prototypes, 2003
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4. Evaluation

• Increases in self-efficacy
• Eating low-fat foods, handling conflict, sexual
  decision-making, preventing HIV, refusing
  marijuana
• Behavior changes
• Increased fruit vegetable consumption, setting
  and achieving nutrition goals, intention to
  perform HIV prevention behaviors, intention to
  refuse marijuana
• No change in skin CA prevention behaviors, ER
  visits for asthma patients.

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Limitations

• Preliminary report
• Additional search terms computer-assisted
  instruction
• Additional databases
• Additional theory
• Biased search

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Future Directions
Better use of computer capacity?
Which methods are more effective? Why do they
work?
O
Application of other health behavior theories?