Effective Instruction

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Effective Instruction
through
Co-Teaching
Rhonda Kempton
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Co-teaching is like a professional marriage
because
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Co-teaching is a service delivery system in
which

• two (or more) educators or other certified staff,
• contract to share instructional responsibility,
• for a single group of students,
• primarily in a single classroom workspace,
• for specific content (objectives),
• with mutual ownership, pooled resources, and
  joint accountability,
• although each individuals level of participation
  may vary.

Marilyn Friend, Ph.D.
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Benefits of Co-Teaching

• Students
• Reduces stigma
• Increases understanding and respect for students
  with special needs
• Integrates strategies into classroom routines
  and across the curriculum
• Increases skill generalization to authentic
  tasks
• Provides daily practice opportunities

(Friend)
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Benefits of Co-Teaching

• Teachers
• Lowers student/teacher ratio
• Combines strengths and resources of two or more
  professionals
• Supports instruction and classroom management
• Allows more time to reflect, monitor, assess,
  and adapt instruction
• Builds a heterogeneously-based classroom
  community
• Meets individual student needs

(Friend)
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Co-Teaching Approaches

• One Teach, One Observe
• One Teach, One Drift
• Parallel Teaching
• Station Teaching
• Alternative Teaching
• Team Teaching

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One Teach, One Observe
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One Teach/One Observe
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One Teach/One Observe

• Why?
• To gather data
• To check student progress
• To compare target students to others
• To assess setting demands

• When?
• In beginning co-teaching situations
• As questions arise about students

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One Teach - One Observe Applications ?

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One Teach - One Observe Applications

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• Assess whole class mastery of new skills/tasks
• Data collection for IEP goals/objectives
• Data collection for EIP process
• Data collection to use for planning next lessons
• Data collection for determining next co-teaching
  configurations
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One Teach, One Drift
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One Teach/One Drift
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One Teach/One Drift

• Why?
• To provide unobtrusive assistance to all students
  as needed
• One teacher has a particular area of expertise

• When?
• In new co-teaching situations
• The lesson lends itself to delivery by one person
• As a deliberate part of a lesson when students
  need close monitoring

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One Teach - One Drift Applications ?

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• Implement modifications and accommodations for
  students with special needs
• Implement accommodations for students in general
  education
• Provide immediate correction, support, praise and
  redirection
• Monitor attention and behavior of individual
  students
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One Teach - One Drift Applications
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Station Teaching
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Station Teaching
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Station Teaching

• Why?
• To lower student/teacher ratio
• To teach several topics at once
• To teach complex material that is not hierarchical

• When?
• Students need to work in smaller groups
• To honor diversity

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Station Teaching Applications ?

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Station Teaching Applications

• Teach content in one, a related strategy in
  another
• Break up content into discreet parts
• Use for guided reading
• Independent station for application or review
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Parallel Teaching
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Parallel Teaching
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Parallel Teaching

• Why?
• To lower student/teacher ratio
• To foster participation in discussions
• To monitor students more closely

• When?
• As new topics are introduced
• To review for tests, drill and practice, or
  re-teaching a topic
• As a grouping technique

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Parallel Teaching Applications ?

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Parallel Teaching Applications

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• Review before a test
• Use different materials to address same concept
• Separate students who arent getting along
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Alternative Teaching
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Alternative Teaching
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Alternative Teaching

• Why?
• If a small group of students needs remediation
• For enrichment
• For assessment purposes

• When?
• Flu group
• Friday review
• Pre-teaching

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Alternative Teaching Applications ?

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Alternative Teaching Applications

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• Teach something new to group who was absent
• Re-teach to group that needs extra reinforcement
• Enrichment for those who have already mastered
  the basics
• Skill or strategy development
• Pre-teaching
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Team Teaching
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Team Teaching
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Team Teaching

• Why?
• To demonstrate interaction to students (role
  playing, modeling)

• When?
• Teachers have a high sense of comfort working
  together

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Team Teaching Applications ?

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Team Teaching Applications

• Explicitly teach strategies/processes and content
  together
• Cooperative group facilitation
• Science labs
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Topics for Co-Teachers to Discuss

• Instructional content and expectations for
  students.
• Planning, including time to do it and who does
  which part.
• Instructional format, including who will do which
  part of the instructional delivery.
• Parity, or how it will be clear that both
  educators have the same status in the classroom.

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PARITY PARITY - PARITY

• Just whose classroom is it anyway??

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Parity, Parity, Parity

• Both teachers names are on the board.
• Both teachers names are on report cards.
• Both teachers have space for personal belongings.
• Both teachers have adult-size furniture.
• Both teachers take a lead role in the classroom.
• Both teachers talk during instruction.

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Parity, Parity, Parity

• Both teachers give directions or permission
  without checking with the other teacher.
• Both teachers work with all students.
• Both teachers are considered teachers by the
  students, parents, administrators and other staff.

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PARITY PARITY - PARITY

• How will you and your co-teaching partner convey
  that your teaching relationship is truly
  collaborative?

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Topics to discuss, cont.

• Space, related to both students and teachers.
• Noise and each educators tolerence for it.
• Instructional routines.
• Organizational routines.
• The definition of help.
• Discipline procedures for the classroom.

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Topics to Discuss, cont

• Safety matters (e.g., for students with hearing
  impairments).
• Feedback, including when and how to discuss
  issues with each other.
• Student evaluation, including grading.
• Teacher chores such as grading, duplicating,
  assignment preparation, and so on.

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Topics to discuss, cont.

• Responsibilities and procedures for substitutes.
• Confidentiality.
• Pet Peeves.

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Planning for Co-teaching

• Determine
• who will co-teach
• why (student outcomes)
• which student(s)
• what activities
• when, how often

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• Co-teaching is like a marriage because

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