Today

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Today

• Parts of vocal tract used in producing consonants
• Articulatory Descriptionof consonants
• Readings 3.3

...its all about air!
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Consonants

• Speech sounds produced with a narrowing somewhere
  in the vocal tract

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(soft palate)
pharynx
epiglottis
This view A Midsaggital Section
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Major structures
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Active vs. Passive Articulators
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Articulatory Description

• For consonants, three-part classification system
  
• 1) Voicing
• 2) Place (of articulation)
• 3) Manner (of articulation)
• e.g., voiced labiodental fricative v

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1) Voicing

• Voicing what is happening at the LARYNX?
• Are the vocal folds spread apart (voiceless), or
  are they close together and vibrating (voiced)?

Front Vocal folds
Glottis Back
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voiced voiceless
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Voiceless Voiced

• p pat b bat
• t tie d die
• k kill g gill
• f fat v vat
• s sip z zip
• T thigh D thy
• S dilution Z delusion
• tS etch dZ edge

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Voicing Value
liquid
r
liquid
In the IPA, r is actually a trill like in
Spanish perro. The IPA symbol for American r
is ?, but you can use either symbol since
the text uses r for American r.
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2) Place

• Place (of articulation) WHERE in the vocal tract
  is the constriction being made?

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Place

• Bilabial w/ both lips
• b, p, m, w
• Labiodental w/ lower lip and upper teeth
• f, v
• (Inter-)dental tip of tongue btw. the teeth
• T, D
• Alveolar tongue tip on alveolar ridge
• t, d, n, l, s, z

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Place

• (Alveo-)Palatal w/ tongue at or near hard palate
• Alveopalatal S, Z, tS, dZ
• Palatal j
• Velar w/ tongue at or near soft palate, or velum
• k, g, N
• Glottal produced at the larynx
• /, h

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liquid
r
liquid
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3) Manner

• Manner (of articulation) HOW is the air being
  modified as it moves through the vocal tract?

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Manner

• Stop full obstruction in oral cavity (w/ velum
  raised/closed)
• p, b, t, d, k, g, /
• Fricative partial obstruction w/ turbulence
• f, v, T, D, s, z, S, Z
• Affricate stop followed by fricative
• tS, dZ

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Manner

• Nasal full obstruction in oral cavity w/ velum
  lowered/open
• m, n, N
• Liquid constriction but no turbulence
• l lateral liquid
• r retroflex liquid
• Glide slightly more constriction than a vowel
• w, j (and shows additional evidence of
  consonantness patterns with consonants)

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Manner
liquid
r
liquid
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Practice Provide the articulatory description

• p
• m
• dZ
• j

• voiceless bilabial stop
• voiced bilabial nasal
• voiced (alveo-)palatal affricate
• voiced palatal glide

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Practice Provide the phonetic symbol

• voiced bilabial stop
• voiceless interdental fricative
• voiceless velar stop

• b
• T
• k

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• http//www.youtube.com/watch?veKcoOHXw-6o

From the movie My Fair Lady What consonantal
articulation was Eliza Doolittle practicing?