JWST Science

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JWST Science

• 4-chart version follows

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End of the dark ages first light and reionization

• What are the first galaxies?
• When did reionization occur?
• Once or twice?
• What sources caused reionization?

• Ultra-Deep NIR survey (1.4 nJy), spectroscopic
  Mid-IR confirmation.
• QSO spectra Ly-a forest
• Galaxy spectra Balmer lines (2x10-19
  ergs/cm2/sec)

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The assembly of galaxies

• Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form?
• How did the heavy elements form?
• Can we test hierarchical formation and global
  scaling relations?
• What about ULIRGs and AGN?

Galaxies in GOODS Field

• Wide-area imaging survey
• R1000 spectra of 1000s of galaxies at 1 lt z lt 6
• Targeted observations of ULIRGs and AGN

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Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems

• How do clouds collapse?
• How does environment affect star-formation?
• Vice-versa?
• What is the low-mass IMF?

Deeply embedded protostar
Circumstellar disk
The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST

• Imaging of molecular clouds
• Survey elephant trunks
• Survey star-forming clusters

Agglomeration planetesimals
Mature planetary system
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Planetary systems and the origins of life

• How do planets form?
• How are circumstellar disks like our Solar
  System?
• How are habitable zones established?

Spitzer image
Malfait et al 1998

• Extra-solar giant planets
• Coronagraphy
• Spectra of circumstellar disks, comets and KBOs
• Spectra of icy bodies in outer Solar System

Simulated JWST imageFomalhaut at 24 microns
Titan
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JWST Science

• 2-chart version follows

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End of the dark ages first light and reionization

• What are the first galaxies?
• When did reionization occur?

Galaxies in GOODS Field
The assembly of galaxies

• Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form?
• How did the heavy elements form?

Simulated JWST spectra showing the epoch of
reionization
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Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems

• How do clouds collapse?
• How does environment affect star formation?

Simulated JWST image
Spitzer image
Fomalhaut dust disk at 24 microns
Deeply embedded protostar
Circumstellar disk
Planetary systems and the origins of life

• How do planets form?
• How are circumstellar disks like our Solar System?

Agglomeration planetesimals
Mature planetary system
Shu et al theory of planetary system formation
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JWST Science

• 1-chart version follows

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JWST Science

• End of the dark ages first light and
  reionization
• The assembly of galaxies

The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST

• Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems
• Planetary systems and the origins of life

Galaxies in the UDF
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JWST Science

• 13-chart detailed version follows

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End of the dark ages first light and
reionization
to identify the first luminous sources to form
and to determine the ionization history of the
early universe.
Hubble Ultra Deep Field
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What are the first galaxies?

• The first galaxies are small and faint
• Their light is redshifted into infrared.
• They are made of low-metallicity, massive stars.
• SNe! GRBs!

Zoom in to Hubble Ultra Deep Field

• Observations
• Ultra-deep NIR field
• Follow-up Spect, MIR
• Timing for transients

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When and how did reionization occur?

• Reionization happened at zgt6
• WMAP says maybe twice?
• Probably galaxies, maybe quasar contribution

• Observations
• Spectra of the most distant quasars
• Spectra of faint galaxies

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The assembly of galaxies
to determine how galaxies and the dark matter,
gas, stars, metals, morphological structures, and
active nuclei within them evolved from the epoch
of reionization to the present day.
M81 by Spitzer
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Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form?How
did the heavy elements form?

• Galaxy assembly is a process of hierarchical
  merging
• Components of galaxies have variety of ages
  compositions
• Observations
• NIRCam imaging
• Spectra of 1000s of galaxies

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What are the physical processes that determine
galaxy properties?What about starbursts and
black holes?

• Observations
• MIR spectroscopy
• Velocity dispersion
• MIR emission lines

• Global scaling relations between luminosity,
  size, kinematics and metallicity.
• Tight correlation between mass of central black
  holes and surrounding galaxy

HST radio image of active galaxy
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Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems
to unravel the birth and early evolution of
stars, from infall on to dust-enshrouded
protostars, to the genesis of planetary systems.
David Hardy
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How do proto-stellar clouds collapse?

• Stars form in small regions collapsing
  gravitationally within larger molecular clouds.
• We can see through thick, dusty clouds in the
  infrared.
• Protostars begin to shine within the clouds,
  revealing temperature and density structure.
• Observations
• Deep NIR and MIR imaging of dark clouds and
  proto-stars

Barnard 68 in visible light
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How does environment affect star-formation and
vice-versa?What is the sub-stellar initial mass
function?

• Massive stars produce winds and radiation
• Either disrupt star formation, or causes it.
• The boundary between the smallest brown dwarf
  stars and planets is unknown
• Different processes? Or continuum?
• Observations
• Survey dark clouds, elephant trunks and
  star-forming regions

The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST
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Planetary systems and the origins of life
to determine the physical and chemical
properties of planetary systems including our
own, and to investigate the potential for the
origins of life in those systems.
Robert Hurt
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How do planets form?

• Giant planets could be signpost of process that
  creates Earth-like planets
• Solar System primordial disk is now in small
  planets, moons, asteroids and comets

• Observations
• Coronagraphy of exosolar planets
• Compare spectra of comets and circumstellar disks

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How are circumstellar disks like our Solar System?
Here is an illustration of what MIRI might find
within the very young core in Ophiuchus, VLA
1623 artists concept of protostellar disk from
T. Greene, Am. Scientist
approximate field for NIRSpec MIRI integral
field spectroscopy
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How are habitable zones established?

• Source of Earths H20 and organics is not
  determined
• Comets? Asteroids?
• History of clearing the disk of gas and small
  bodies
• Role of giant planets?
• Observations
• Comets, Kuiper Belt Objects
• Icy moons in outer solarsystem

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