EDC

1
EDCI 510History of Educational Technology

• July 5, 2005
• The Foundations of Technology in Schools and In
  Our Culture

2
Topics for Today

• Your Questions
• Your Journal Reviews
• Cliff, Maria Pats Presentation on Cuban
• Saettler, Chapters 3 14

3
Your Journal Reviews
4
Larry Cuban

• Professor of Education at Stanford University
• 14 years teaching high school
• 7 years high school superintendent at Arlington,
  VA
• Trained as a historian

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Introduction to Chapters

• Sees teachers coping with contradictory social
  messages
• Socialize all children, yet nourish each childs
  individual creativity.
• Teach the best that the past has to offer, but
  insure that each child possesses practical skills
  marketable in the community.
• Demand obedience to authority, but encourage
  individual children to think and question.
• Cultivate cooperation, but prepare children to
  compete.

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Introduction to Chapters

• Questions Cuban asked while writing the book
• Once technology adopted, to what degree did
  teachers use the media?
• What explains the degree of teach use of these
  technologies?
• Based on previous history, what is the like level
  of use of computers?

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Teachers and Machines Classroom Use of
Technology since 1920

• Larry Cuban

8
NEA surveys

• Film use in classroom
• 1933 (of the 7 who responded) 52
• 1946 50-70
• 1954 56-75
• primary school use higher than secondary school
  use.
• 1953, Conneticut- 2/3 of films ordered by 14
  of the teachers.
• Georgia-32 never used a film
• Michigan-Avg 1/mnth

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Questions for the class

• What is his opinion on the relationship between
  teachers and machines? How about between admins
  and teachers?
• Is he correct, right now?
• Is he correct in his surmise as to why some
  teachers are media-philes or willing users
  while others are not?
• Do his arguments about film hold true for any/all
  technology?
• Themes Teachers authority in the classroom,
  applying what has been learned about teaching
  from mentors and experience, teachers are
  conservative.
• Has he covered everything from a teachers
  perspective? (Did he leave any arguments out? Is
  he really making the argument teachers would
  make?)

10
Reasons for lack of use of Film

• Access to hardware/software
• a. Broadcast inconvenient/no time
• b. no equipment/facilities
• Cost (admins token compliance)
• Difficulty of use (vs simple, durable, flexible,
  responsive, versatile, efficient old tools)
• Relevance to subject matter
• (-are these in order?)

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Cubans Theories and beliefs

• Teaching itself nourishes a cautionary attitude
  towards change and an arms-length response to
  automated devices. pg 60
• In that study, one thing I found was that
  continuity far more than change characterized
  teachers practices pg 63 -Change is in
  Elementary classrooms.
• Situationally constrained choice HS v Elem
  effects of student-teacher contact, time
  allocation, expectation for achievement-
  flexibillity. pg 64
• because of severe constraints imposed upon
  teachers by the classroom and school as
  workplaces and the imperatives of their
  occupational culture, teachers will seek out
  those tools that meet their test of efficiency
  pg 66
• Instilling critical viewing skills captures the
  interest of some teachers who squeeze such
  lessons into their daily schedules. pg 68 (the
  afternoon breather.)
• teachers will alter classroom behavior
  selectively to the degree that certain
  technologies help them solve problems they define
  as important and avoid eroding their classroom
  authority. pg 70

12
Pats Presentation on The Promise of the
Computer
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On to the Saettler Chapters