Atoms

1
Atoms

• What is the structure of an atom?

2
Lets Review

• What are atoms?
• How does the arrangement of atoms affect matter?

3
Atomic Structure

• So, now that we know exactly what atoms are,
  lets discuss what atoms are made of.
• Atoms have smaller parts that are called
  _____________________.
• There are 3 subatomic particles __________,
  __________ and __________.
• The atom also contains a _________ as well as
  other space, called ________________.

4
Protons

• ___________ are ___________ charged subatomic
  particles that are found in the ______________
  _________________.
• The _____________ is in the center of the atom.

5
Neutrons

• _____________ are subatomic particles that are
  found in the ______________, along with the
  ______________.
• ______________ are _________ they have no
  charge.
• ____________ and ___________ are about the same
  __________ and __________.

6
Electrons

• ____________ are ___________ charged subatomic
  particles that _______________________ of the
  _____________ in what we call an _______________.
  
• There are various ____________ in this
  _________________.
• ______________ are much ______________than the
  __________ and _____________.

7
How far can an electron be from the nucleus?

• Imagine that the nucleus of an atom is the size
  of a marble.
• If the nucleus is the size of a marble, the
  entire atom would be the size of the
  _______________________.
• Imagine that the nucleus of an atom is the size
  of a tennis ball.
• The atom would have a ____________________________
  __________________________________.

8
Electrons

• ____________ are in constant motion.
• Their ___________ can not be _______________.
• Picture the moving blades on a fan.
• Can you tell exactly where one blade is at a
  certain time?

9
Electrons

• ________________ are found within _____________.
• The _________________ can only contain a certain
  number of ___________.

10
Energy Levels

• Each energy level can only contain a certain
  number of electrons.

32e-
2e-
18e-
8e-
11
Valence Electrons

• The electrons in the outermost energy level are
  called _________________________.
• The number of electrons in this energy level
  determine an atoms ability to ___________________
  _ ___________________________.

12
How do we know how many subatomic particles an
atom contains?

• This information can be gained from the
  __________________.
• The _________________ is an arrangement of all
  known elements which are grouped by
  _____________, ___________ or other ____________.
• The ____________ is a reference tooldont try to
  memorize it!

13
Using the Periodic Table

• When we look at a box on the periodic table we
  see a lot of boxes with numbers and letters
• What do these numbers and letters mean?
• The letters are the symbols for elements.
• Now, lets talk about the numbers

14
The Periodic Table

• The number in the top of the box in the center is
  called the atomic number.
• This number tells us how many protons are in an
  atom of that element.
• In a neutral element, you must have the same
  number of protons and electrons.
• The bottom number is the average atomic mass or
  mass number. This number tells us the mass an
  atom of this element.

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So, what about the neutrons?

• We can use the ____________________ to calculate
  how many neutrons an atom contains.
• The _______________ is the sum of __________ and
  ___________ in the nucleus of an atom.
• To find out how many ____________, subtract the
  ____________ from the ____________________ and
  you will have the number of neutrons.
• The numbers of protons and neutrons do not have
  to be the same.
• Examples

16
What happens if we have one element with
different numbers of neutrons?

• In this case, we have what we call an
  _____________.
• An ____________ is an atom that has the same
  number of __________, but a different number of
  ____________.
• Most elements have ____________.
• This is the reason the __________________ is an
  average.
• Examples