Netherlands

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Netherlands
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- Info -
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- culture -
Many world famous Artist were dutch. One of the
most famous earlier artists was Hieronymus Bosch.
In the golden age of the republic in the 17th
century there emerged great artists such as
Rembrandt van Rijn, Johannes Vermeer, Frans Hals,
Carel Fabritius, Gerard Dou, Paulus Potter, Jacob
Izaaksoon van Ruisdael or Jan Steen. Famous
artists of later eras were Vincent van Gogh and
Piet Mondriaan. M. C. Escher is a famous graphic
designer. Dutch architects gave important
impulses for the architecture of the 20th
century. Hendrik Petrus Berlage and the
architects of the De Stijl-group (Robert van't
Hoff, J.J.P. Oud, Gerrit Rietveld) are some
highlights. Johannes Duiker was a representative
of the Neues Bauen movement. The so-called
Amsterdam-school (Michael de Klerk) made a
remarkable contribution to expressionist
architecture. After the World War II new,
innovative dutch architects emerged. Aldo van
Eyck and Herman Hertzberger made a huge
impression on structuralism. Piet Blom became
famous because of his tree-houses.
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- Music -
The durch musical scene wasnt on the same level
as the rest of Europe in the regime of classical
music. Only at the end of the 19th century did a
professionalisation take place, resulting in the
formation of many an orchestra and
ensembles. Important dutch composers around 1800
were for example the german Johann Willhelm Wilms
or Carolus Antonius Fodor. During the 19th
century german romanticism dominated the currents
of the music scene one such example is Richard
Hol. Bernard Zweers tried to develop a specific
dutch national music later on. Julius Röntgen and
Alphons Diepenbrock followed his experiments,
with which dutch music found ist entrance into
the international development. Important
composers of the 20th century are Willem Pijper,
Mathijs Vermeulen, Louis Andriessen, Otto
Ketting, Ton de Leeuw, Theo Loevendie, Misha
Mengelberg, Tristan Keuris und Klaas de Vries.
(List of dutch composers of classical music) The
most famous rock band Golden Earring had its
greatest hit in the 1970s with Radar Love. Also
well known in the 1970s were the classic rock
band Ekseption with Rick van der Linden and
Shocking Blue with their hit Venus. The
Netherlands have a vibrant music scene of a high
level. There are countless event localities and
the artists are given alot of freedom in the
media. Internationally famous musicians are for
example Anouk Teeuwe or the groups Within
Temptation and The Gathering (Band). The yearly
held North Sea Jazz Festival in The Hague belongs
to the most important Jazz events worldwide.
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- Literature -
During the Golden Age (De Gouden Eeuw) not only
Art flourished, but also literature with such
fine examples as Joost van den Vondel and P. C.
Hooft. During the german occupation (1940-1945)
Anne Frank composed her world famous diary in
Amsterdam. Important writers of the 20th century
are Harry Mulisch, Jan Wolkers, Simon Vestdijk
and Theun de Vries.
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- science -
Erasmus von Rotterdam, Baruch Spinoza and
Christiaan Huygens all come from the Netherlands.
René Descartes spent much time in the
Netherlands. During the modern times alot of
scientists found refuge and possibilites to work.
Modern Socialism was founded by the dutch S.
Rudolf Steinmetz.
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grachten
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national monument
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shipping museum
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van-gogh museum