Revolution

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Revolution!
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• Fairness demands recognition of the fact that the
  way nearly all history has been written imposes
  an overwhelming bias against revolutionary
  violence. Indeed the bias becomes horrifying as
  one comes to realize its depth. To equate the
  violence of those who resist oppression with the
  violence of the oppressors would be misleading
  enough. But there is a great deal more. From the
  days of Spartacus through Robespierre down to the
  present day, the use of force by the oppressed
  against their former masters has been the object
  of nearly universal condemnation. Meanwhile the
  day-to-day repression of normal society hovers
  dimly in the background of most history books.
• Barringtion Moore Jr.

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Class Schedule
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(No Transcript)
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Grading

• Attendance and Participation 30
• Mid-Term Paper Presentation 40
• Final Paper 30

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Quotes Quiz 1

• At the risk of sounding ridiculous, let me say
  that the true revolutionary is guided by feelings
  of love.

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Quotes Quiz 2

• A modern revolutionary group heads for the
  television station.

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Quotes Quiz 3

• Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun

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Quotes Quiz 4

• The revolution... is a dictatorship of the
  exploited against the exploiters.

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Quotes Quiz 5

• Every revolution evaporates and leaves behind it
  only the slime of bureaucracy.

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Quotes Quiz 6

• I perceive that, in revolutions, the supreme
  power rests with the most abandoned.

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Quotes Quiz 7

• Revolution is an idea which has found its bayonets

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Quotes Quiz 8

• J'ai vecu. I survived. (Reply when asked what he
  did during the French Revolution)

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Quotes Quiz

• All modern revolutions have ended in a
  reinforcement of the State.

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Quiz

• Ernesto Che Guevara
• Abbie Hoffman
• Mao Tse-Tung
• Fidel Castro
• Franz Kafka
• Jean-Jaques Danton
• Napoleon Bonaparte
• Abbé Sieyès
• Albert Camus

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Definitions

• At a certain stage of their development the
  material forces of production in society come
  into conflict with the existing relations of
  production, or what is but a legal expression
  of the same thing with the property relations
  within which they had been at work before. From
  forms of development of the forces of production
  these relations turn into their fetters. Then
  comes the period of social revolution.
• Karl Marx

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• Revolutions are the festivals of the oppressed
  and exploited. At no other time are the masses of
  people in a position to come forward so actively
  as creators of a new social order.
• Vladimir. I. Lenin

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• Violence is no more adequate to describe the
  phenomenon of revolution than change only where
  change occurs in the sense of a new beginning,
  where violence is used to constitute an
  altogether different form of government, to bring
  about the formation of a new body politic can
  we speak of revolution.
• Hannah Arendt

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• A revolution is a rapid, fundamental, and violent
  domestic change in the dominant values and myths
  of a society, in its political institutions,
  social structure, leadership, and government
  activities and policies. Revolutions are thus to
  be distinguished from insurrections, rebellions,
  revolts, coups and wars of independence. A coup
  detat in itself changes only leadership and
  perhaps policies a rebellion or insurrection may
  change policies, leadership and political
  institutions, but not social structure and
  values a war of independence is a struggle of
  one community against rule by an alien community
  and does not necessarily involve changes in the
  social structure of either community.
• Samuel P. Huntington

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• A revolution begins when a government previously
  under the control of a single, sovereign polity
  becomes the object of effective, competing,
  mutually exclusive claims from two or more
  separate polities. A revolution ends when a
  single polity by no means necessarily the same
  one regains control over the government.
• Charles Tilly

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• Social revolutions as I define them are rapid,
  basic transformations of a countrys state and
  class structures, and of its dominant ideology.
  Moreover, social revolutions are carried through,
  in part, by class-based upheavals from below.
• Theda Skocpol

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• According to one (broader definition), revolution
  (or political revolution) refers to any and all
  instances in which a state or political regime is
  overthrown and thereby transformed by a popular
  movement in an irregular, extraconstitutional,
  and/or violent fashion this definition assumes
  that revolutions, at least those truly worthy of
  the name, necessarily require the mobilization of
  large numbers of people against the existing state

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• According to the other (more restrictive)
  definition, revolutions entail not only mass
  mobilization and regime change, but also more or
  less rapid and fundamental social, economic,
  and/or cultural change during or soon after the
  struggle for state power.
• Revolutions in this latter sense revolutions
  involving the refashioning of the lives of
  tens of millions of people (Lenin 1917) are
  sometimes referred to as great or social
  revolutions.
• Jeff Goodwin

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History of Revolutions

• 1642-1649 - English Civil War/Revolution
• 1776-1783 American War of Independence
  /American Revolution
• 1789-1799 French Revolution
• 1848 Failed Revolutions in Europe
• 1868 Japanese Elite Revolution
• 1910-1920 Mexican Revolution
• 1917 Russian Revolution
• 1919 Turkish Kemalist Revolution
• 1911/1927-1949 Chinese Revolution

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• 1959 Cuban Revolution
• 1975 Cambodian Revolution
• 1977/78 Nicaraguan Revolution
• 1977-1979 Iranian Revolution
• 1986 Peoples Power Philippines
• 1989 Fall of Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe
• 1998 Fall of Suharto in Indonesia
• 2000 Bulldozer Revolution (first of colour
  revolutions) in Serbia
• 2003 Rose Revolution in Georgia (second colour
  revolution)
• 2004 Orange Revolution in the Ukraine (third
  colour revolution
• 2005 Tulip Revolution in Kyrgyzstan (fourth
  colour revolution)