Ecological movement and peace movement

1
The eighties

• Ecological movement and peace movement

2
Contents

• Political background
• 1.1. The ecologists
• Youth movements
• 2.1. demonstrations
• 2.2. anti- nuclear power movement
• 3. youth movements
• 3.1. punk
• 3.1.1. zero interest generation
• 3.1.2. days of riots
• 3.2. poppers
• 3.3. skinheads
• 3.4. ecological movements
• 3.5. gay and lesbian movements
• 3.6. comparison youth movements of the lower and
  the upper class
• 4. music trend trend Neue deutsche Welle (New
  German Wave)
• 5. yuppies und dinks
• 6. fashion in general

3
1. Political and historical background
4

• December 25th, 1979
• Soviet troops occupy Afghanistan
• 1980
• First Golf War between Iran und Iraq (until 1988)
• 1981
• Ronald Reagan is elected President of the USA
• AIDS is recognized as an epidemic disease

5

• October 1st, 1982
• Helmut Kohl becomes Chancellor in Germany
• 1983
• NATO bilateral resolution
• Premature election of the members of parliament
  (Bundestag)
• Ecologists are elected in the parliament
• First day of riot
• 1984
• Richard von Weizsäcker becomes President of the
  German Federal Republic
• famine in Ethiopia triggers off waves of
  support

6

• 1985
• Michail Gorbatschow becomes Secretary General of
  the party KPdSU
• Perestroika (1987) Glasnost (1986)
• 1986
• April 26th the disaster of Chernobyl
• demonstration against the deployment of American
  missiles in Hunsrück Forest
• 1989
• George H. W. Bush is elected President of the USA
• September 11th Hungary opens the Iron Curtain
• November 9th fall of the German Wall

7
1.1. The ecologist party

• foundation in Karlsruhe on January 13th, 1980
• political foundations social-minded, ecological,
  democratic at the grassroots, non-violent
• they see themselves as an anti-party party

8
Political positions

• environmental policy sustainable development,
  that is environmental care and protection of the
  natural resources
• climate policy war on global warming, e.g. by
  reducing greenhouse gases
• economic and social policy satisfying the needs
  of todays society without reducing those of
  future generations

9

• social policy multicultural society?
  integration of immigrants, a policy in favour of
  lesbians and homosexuals?recognition of same-sex
  relationships
• European policy agreement on Turkeys joining
  the EU, agreement on the treaty of Lissabon
• educational policy in parliament they refuse
  university fees, but in some federal states of
  Germany certain schemes for university fees are
  accepted comprehensive schools are fostered

10
Historical aspect

• 1983 for the first time they are elected in the
  German Bundestag (Parliament)
• 1989/1990 fall of the Wall and reunification
• 1989 foundation of the Green (ecologist) party
  of the German Democratic Republic (Eastern
  Germany)
• 1990 fusion of the green (ecologist) party of
  Eastern Germany with the Ecologists
• Party members increase due to the enlargement of
  the party

11
2. Peace movements

•  

12
Nato bilateral resolution and the neutron bomb

• neutron bomb
• - was developed in 1977
• - capable of destroying lives, saving buildings
  and material
• ? a lot of people considered this to be a
  perversion of human thinking (Egon Bahr)

13

• Nato bilateral resolution
• deployment of US nuclear middle-range missiles
  and cruise missiles in Europe as a response to
  the deployment of new Soviet SS 20 missiles
• neutron bomb und Nato double resolution led to a
  worldwide increase of the peace movement

14
New forms of demonstrating were introduced

• e.g.. the ins all the demonstrators lay down
  on the floor by order pretending to be dead
• peope fasted, formed human chains and made
  sit-ins for peace
• 1980-1983 almost four million people signed the
  Krefeld Appeal against the deployment of
  missiles in Europe
• 1980-1984 the peace dove was used as the symbol
  of the peace movement against the Nato bilateral
  resolution

15
Demonstrations

• First great demonstration against the Nato
  resolution
• ? June 1st, 1981 in Hamburg at the German
  Protestant Church congress
• ? provoking great demonstrations in the whole
  country
• Juni 10th, 1982 against Ronald Reagans state
  visit
• 1983 again at the Protestant Church congress in
  Hanover

16

• Easter marches from 1981 to 1984
• Oktober 22nd, 1983 1.3 million people gather in
  Berlin, Bonn, Hamburg und between Stuttgart and
  Ulm ? they want to demonstrate following the
  European nuclear disarmament campaign
• Oktober 23rd and 29th, 1983 demonstrations in
  Brussels und Den Haag
• The demonstration against the deployment of
  nuclear warheads in Hunsrück Forest is not
  successful the Nato bilateral resolution is
  passed

17
Impact

• Peace movcements led among others to the
  foundation of the Ecologists
• In 1984 a list of candidates for the peace
  movement was set up ? in the same year they took
  part in the European Elections and in 1987 in the
  elections for the German Bundestag (Parliament)
  ? could not get a mandate
• A lot of civic action groups were founded (e.g.
  against the use of nuclear power and in order to
  support the Third World)

18
Anti- nuclear power

• Policies made by the basis
•  from the 70s till the middle of the 80s
• greatest civil rights movement
• ? tried to have laws passed that give up the use
  of nuclear energy  
• Various forms of protest were common, e.g.
• - occupation of construction sites
• - change of electricity provider
• - non-violent sit-ins
• - smaller actions of chaining themselves to
  buildings
• - sabotage

19
3. Youth movements
20
Punk
21
Origin of punk

• punk scum, dirt
• counter movement to the hippies
• started in the USA (CBGB-club in New York)

22
Lifestyle

• protest against the establishment
• music was not commercialized
• produced their own clothes

23
Bands slogans

• USA Ramones, The Stooges, New York Dolls
• GB Sex Pistols, The Clash
• slogans
• - punk is dead
• - punks not dead
• - live fast, die young
• - punks not junkies

24
Punk in Germany

• in the beginning influenced by the music in
  England and America
• since the beginning of the 80s they also sang in
  German
• since 1985 they lost their importance because of
  the destructive attitude of the groups

25
Punk fashion

• studs
• zips
• leather jackets
• badges
• checked, tight trousers
• torn, painted clothes
• lace-up boots
• Mohican haircut
• piercings, tattoos

26
fashion Punks
27
Days of riot
28

• Meetings of punks and other youth groups in
  various cities
• left-wing and left-wing extremist groups as well
  as skinheads, young migrants, hooligans and
  generally interested young people and adults
  joined them
• Forerunners of the real days of riot took place
  in Wuppertal on several Saturdays in 1982 ?
  Wuppertal Punk Rallies
• December 16th, 1982 Jello Biafra called to the
  days of riot during the performance of the Dead
  Kennedys
• The first days of riot took place in Hanover in
  1983 ? were a protest against Punk files of the
  police ? they intended to get to Hanover as
  many people as possible who were mentioned in the
  files

29

• In 1984 and 1985 every first weekend in August
  punks and left-wing groups met in Hanover
• in 1989 they had planned international days of
  riot ? fewer punks than expected showed up
• since the middle of the 80s other punk rallies
  outside Hanover were also called days of riot
• In 1987 about 1,000 Punks met at the second
  weekend of August ? beer fountain festival
• days of riot still take place today

30
(No Transcript)
31
Fashion of the Poppers

• pastel colours
• exklusive und expensive designer clothes ( e.g.
  Boss, Joop, Lacoste)
• popper quiff hairstyle
• white tennis socks
• polo shirts
• leather ties
• Cashmere pullovers with V-necks
• Pleated trousers
• ? the same clothing style for men and women

32
fashion poppers
33
Skinheads

• skinhead haircut, a cut which reveals the
• scalp
• started in East London in the 60s
• distinguish themselves from the hippies

34
Skinheads

• typical clothes
• command boots
• bomber jackets
• polo shirts
• blue jeans
• braces

35
Skinheads

• typical musical styles
• Early Reggae (Skinhead Reggae)
• Streetpunk / Oi!
• Hatecore

• Fanzines
• Oi!-Reka
• Skin Up
• Skinhead Times

36
Skinheads

• different tendencies
• apolititical
• traditional Skinheads
• SHARP (SkinHeads Against Racial Prejudice)
• Oi!-Skins
• GSM (Gay Skinhead Movement)

37
Skinheads

• left-wing people
• RASH (Red And Anarchist Skinheads)
• Redskins

• right-wing extremists
• Blood and Honour
• Combat 18

38
Environmental and alternative movement

• new social movement
  focussing on the protection
  of nature and environmental care
• Typical representatives are non-parliamentary
  groups such as BUND, Grüne Liga (the Green
  League), NABU, Greenpeace oder action groups
• aim a profound change of the relationship
  between man and nature
• founded in East and West Germany

39
Political ecology

• in West Germany
• capitalist economy is considered not only as a
  threat to working people but also to nature
• Resistance against and/or criticism of the
  following
• Nuclear power
• Careless waste disposal and waste incineration
• policy of friendly terms with the chemical plants
• dying of forests and the destruction of tropical
  forests
• currently endangered atmosphere (hole in the
  ozone layer)
• environmentally harmful ways of feeding animals
• related to the peace movement und to emancipatory
  womens groups

40

• In East Germany
• The environmental movement started from the
  Protestant Church
• its political criticism concerned socialism
• Socialism in the German Democratic Republic was
  unable to solve environmental problems
• ecology was a taboo, mentioning this issue meant
  trouble with the secret police

41
supporters

• were also called Ecos (ecologists)
• aiming at reforms beyond environmental care
• alternative lifestyle
• mostly left-wing
• clear distance from the disco society and the
  poppers
• their characteristic esthetic developed from the
  hippie scene

42
Involvement in politics

• West Germany
• foundation of the Ministry of the Environment and
  of the Federal Agency of Environment
• East Germany
• ecumenical meetings of representatives of peace
  groups, environmental groups and justice groups,
  as well as representatives of all Christian
  Churches
• Bündnis 90, Green Party of the German Democratic
  Republic, Green League

43
Homosexual and lesbian movement
44
Homosexual and lesbian movement

• social movement
• movement of identity
• try to change the symbolic significance of
  homosexuality

45
Origin

• caused by the Stonewall revolt in New York City
  on June 28th, 1969
• the movement was triggered off in 1971 by the
  premiere of the film It is not the homosexual
  person that is perverted but the conditions under
  which he lives

46
Situation in Germany in the eighties

• Establishment of institutions
• In 1982 lesbian circle
• 1986 Federal Association of Homosexuality (BVH)
  as a counter circle to the lesbians
• 1979 foundation of the gay socialists in the
  Social Democratic Party
• 1983 Federal team Schwup within the Ecologist
  Party

47

• ?in 1984 initiative of Lesbian and Homosexual
  Democrats (DeLSI), close to the German Communist
  Party
• ?from 1981on students delegates
• every year a Christopher Street Day is arranged (
  the first one took place in Berlin in 1983) ? in
  order to remind of the Stonewall revolt

48
Comparison Youth movements of the upper and
lower class

• Punks

• Poppers

• apolitical
• middle and upper class
• No subculture, just loose cliques
• rebellion against rebellion, hedonism and
  egoismus
• wish to shock the other young people
• 
  

• Political commitment
• mostly lower class people
• subculture, yet also loose cliques
• a kind of rebellious nihilism and non-conformism

both started in London London
49
Behaviour of punks uand poppers

• In 1980 several riots in Berlin und later in
  other cities
• the media turned local quarrels into a class
  struggle of the youths
• respectful love-hate relationship between the
  two parties

50
4. Trend New German Wave (music style)
51
New German Wave

• music and fashion trend German form of The New
  Wave
• developed from punk
• beginning 1976
• decline middle of the 80s
• In the beginning underground music, later popular
  music which was commercialized
• The New German Wave paved the way to success for
  musicians who sang in German, such as the group
  BAP or Herbert Grönemeyer

52
5. Yuppies and Dinks
53
Yuppies and dinks

• Young urban professional
• Young adults of the urban upper middleclass
• egoism, arrogance, consumption
• life as a single, emphasis on career

• Double income no kids
• Mostly married couples of about 30
• upper middleclass
• childless
• focus on career

• high income
• both groups developed from the Poppers

54
general trends

• Vokuhila
• perm
• blow dried hair
• hair gel
• baggy trousers
• balloon shaped skirts
• puffed sleeves, bat sleeves
• sweatshirts
• leggings
• boot tops
• headbands
• loud costume jewellery
• chucks, but also pointed court shoes und
  ballerina shoes
• Mixed materials and fabrics

55
Trends der 80er
56
Ideal of beauty

• emancipation of the woman ? strong women ?
  athletic
• bodybuilding, aerobics
• shoulder padding to point out the build
• several movements back to nature ? hairs in
  the armpit were desirable

57
Fashion of the 80s
58
A decade of extreme contrasts

• punks and poppers
• pastel colours and loud colours
• a mixture of materials and fabric
• chucks and pointed high heeled shoes or ballerina
  shoes
• leggings and baggy trousers
• ? punks und poppers wanted to prove their
  manhood through their fashion style, but they did
  so in different ways

59
(No Transcript)
60