Painting

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Painting-
Terms Psalter Gesso Tempera Annunciation Lamentat
ion
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• Stained glass-
• Created during architectural boom
• Integral part of Gothic architecture
• Consist of hundreds of small pieces of tinted
  glass held together with strips of lead
• Abstract, ornamental style

Stained glass, Bourges Cathedral, c.1220
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• Shows geometric plans of stained glass
• Challenge to fill large spaces with very logical
  designs

Villard de Honnecourt, Wheel of Fortune, c.1240
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• Illuminated manuscripts took the place of stained
  glass, reflects same style
• Symmetrical framework
• Modeling on figures created 3-d effect except for
  contours which flatten- dark lines

Illumination became secular- workshops instead of
monasteries
Psalter of St. Louis, c. 1260
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• Italy-
• Strongly influenced by both Byzantine and
  Northern Carolingian Art mixed to make Medieval
• Panel paintings, mosaics, murals
• Tempera
• Egg-based medium
• Dries quickly
• Tough surface, covered w/ gold leaf
• Preparation is time consuming
• Prepped with gesso- glue/plaster mix
• Thin layers with fine brushes
• Few corrections allowed
• Cimabue-(1250-1300) Florence
• -severe design and expressions
• -geometric quality

Cimabue, Madonna Enthroned, c. 1280-90
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Duccio, Madonna Enthroned, Maestra Altar, 1308-11
Sienna rather than Florence- different style.
Similar to Cimabue but many changes -drapery is
soft and flowing -figures are rounder, more
3-dimensional -naturalness of
baby -communication between glances
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Duccio Annunciation of the Death of the Virgin,
Maestra Altar 1308-11
First example of figures enclosed in an
architectural interior. Where did they come up
with this idea???
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Duccio, Christ Entering Jerusalem Maestra Altar
1308-11

• Architecture creates space- like architectural
  housing of Gothic sculptures
• Illusionism borrowed from Romans

What keeps this painting from looking realistic?
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Giotto, Arena Chapel, 1305-06
Giotto

• Florentine
• Less close to Greek style
• Monumental rather than panel painter-frescos
• More simple than Duccio
• Frescos allowed for more limited range of color
• Far greater impact-viewer is closer to event

First painter to establish a relationship between
artwork and its viewer
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Giotto, Christ Entering Jerusalem 1305-06
Giotto v. Duccio
Duccio, Christ Entering Jerusalem
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• Giottos paintings have an inner coherence that
  hasnt been seen before
• Point of view
• Simplification
• Eyes rest on action, they do not move around
• 3-dimensional reality
• Figures rather than architecture create the space

Giotto, Lamentation 1305-06
The era of painting began with Giotto.
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Cimabue
Giotto, Madonna Enthroned, c. 1310
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Who has this artist studied?
S. Martini, The Road to Calvary, 1340
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The Lorenzetti Brothers

• Attention to every day life
• Solutions for problems of space
• Combination between figural and architectural
  space

Pietro Lorenzetti, The Birth of the Virgin, 1342
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Teeming with activity, reality exists because of
the scale of buildings to people.
Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Good Government in the City,
1338-40
Palazzo Pubblico, Sienna
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Jean Pucelle, Betrayal of Christ and
Annunciation, 1325-28
Illuminated manuscripts- north of the
Alps -influence of Italians is definite...
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• Influences from Italy
• Richness of color
• Architectural interior
• Modeling and overlapping

Bohemian Master, Death of the Virgin, 1350-60
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International style- Blending of Northern and
Italian traditions Melchior Broederlam- picture
space is not as advanced as Italians, but there
is a deep sense of space- Modeling is more
advanced -loosely flowing drapery (like
sculptures) -realism of particulars
Broederlam, Annunciation and Visitation, 1394-99
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• Limbourg Brothers-
• Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
• Most advanced paintings of International style
• Changing nature and the labors of the month
• February is the earliest snow scene in the
  history of western art
• Harmony of architecture and landscape
• October is the first cast shadows since Greece
• Shows differences between peasants and
  aristocracy
• January- life of the nobility, individual
  portraits

Limbourg Brothers, February, 1413-16
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October
January
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Gentile da Fabriano- greatest Italian painter of
the International style- What makes this an
International Style painting?
Fabriano, Adoration of the Magi, 1423