Indias Water Crisis

1
Indias Water Crisis

• El Niño,
• Monsoon, and
• Indian Ocean Oscillation

2
Introduction India and its Water Management
Crisis

• Man-made Crisis
• Overpumping lack of law managing the extraction
  of groundwater
• Crumbling Infrastructure storage crunch
• Population Growth
• Pollution Industrial Waste, Rivers as Sewage
  System
• Global Warming chaotic weather pattern

3
El Niño Monsoon

• El Niño warm phase in Eastern Pacific Ocean
• Far reaching impacts, for example on Indian
  Monsoon

4
Monsoon

• Monsoon seasonal shift in airflows
• Wet summers
• Dry winters

5
El Ninos Effects on the Indian Water Crisis

• Basic Level
• El Nino (warm event) leads to eastward shift of
  Walker Circulation -gt dry conditions over India
  -gt weaker monsoon -gt drought
• La Nina (cold event) leads to westward shift of
  Walker circulation -gt wet conditions over India
  -gt stronger monsoon -gt flood
• Deeper Level
• K. Krishna Kumar, et. al. - Unraveling the
  Mystery of the Indian Monsoon Failure During El
  Nino - 2006
• Investigates why severe droughts in India are
  always accompanied by El Nino events, but El Nino
  does not always produce severe droughts
• Ultimately determines that strength and position
  of Walker Circulation branches are related to El
  Nino warming and that location of sea surface
  temperature (SST) anomaly is what affects monsoon
  failure or success

6
Indian Ocean Oscillation

• ENSO variability influences extreme events
  occuring in Indian Ocean
• Ocean atmosphere coupling -gt ENSO-Asian Monsoon
  interaction

• Indian Ocean Dipole Mode event -gt induces unusual
  circulation/ rainfall over India
• Net Effect Disruptive floods in some areas,
  droughts in others

7
Policy Recommendations

• Create Economic Incentive to Stop Pollution
• Invest in Water Harvesting Storage Structures
• Inter-Basin Water Transfer
• Education