Technical Fundamentals of EPP Power

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Technical Fundamentals of EPP Power Scientific
Certification Systems, Inc. Chet Chaffee

• CEA-NRCan Workshop
• Session Two
• The Fundamentals of Alternatives
• November 25, 2002

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• Industry Experience
• Over 18 years in certification
• Only private environmental labelling company
• Technical Background
• PhD - Forestry, Biology, Chemistry, Chemical
  Engineering
• MA - Chemistry, Biology, Food Science, Chemical
  Engineering, Journalism

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Worldwide Certification Experience

• Electricity Generation
• USA
• Canada
• Sweden
• Korea
• Fisheries
• Australia
• Brazil
• Chile
• Canada
• USA
• Germany
• Mexico

• Forestry
• USA
• Canada
• Sweden
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Recycled Content
• USA
• Brazil
• Canada
• China
• Mexico
• Chile
• Australia

• Life Cycle
• USA
• Canada
• Sweden
• Australia
• Food Safety
• USA
• Canada
• Mexico
• South America
• Europe

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SCS Power Certification Program
Environmental assessment of power generation
sources and options, for internal planning and
management, policy analysis, and certification of
environmentally preferable power options.
Energy Industry Clients Safe Harbor Water Power
Co. Exelon PSEG PGE Chelan Co. PUD Tennessee
Valley Authority Canadian Electricity Association
Independent Peer Reviewers EPA - Systems Analysis
Branch NREL US Fish and Wildlife State of
Pennsylvania State of Maryland Los Alamos
National Laboratory Regional Habitat Experts
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Presentation Overview
Focus There is only one Fundamental The
Evaluation of power generation must use one
method applied equally to all circumstances and
technologies Method Life-Cycle Assessment
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Making Valid Comparisons

• Coal Nuclear Hydro Geothermal
  Wind Biomass
• Fuel Resources X X X X X
• Air Emissions X
• Water Effluents X
• Solid Wastes X
• Haz. Waste X
• Habitat Loss X X
• Species Mortality X X

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Making Valid Comparisons

• Coal Nuclear Hydro Geothermal
  Wind Biomass
• Fuel Resources X X X X X X
• Air Emissions X X X X X X
• Water Effluents X X X X X X
• Solid Wastes X X X X X X
• Haz. Waste X X X X X X
• Habitat Loss X X X X X X
• Species Mortality X X X X X X

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Life-Cycle Assessment
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The Rationale for Using Life-Cycle Assessment
Uniform
LCA has been standardized internationally by ISO
14000 Level playing field of assessment and
comparison Universally applicable in assessment
of all improvement options (power generation, DG,
conservation)




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The Scope of Life-Cycle Assessment
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144,930 t
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Life Cycle of Generation Technologies

• Coal Nuclear Hydro
  Wind Biomass
• Fuel Extraction X X X
• Transport X
• Fuel Processing X
• Elec. Generation X X X
• Transmission X X X X X

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Life Cycle of Generation Technologies

• Coal Nuclear Hydro
  Wind Biomass
• Fuel Extraction X X X X X
• Transport X X X X X
• Fuel Processing X X X X X
• Elec. Generation X X X X X
• Transmission X X X X X

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Establishing the Baseline Determining the WECC
Regional Power Pool Average Environmental Impact
Profile
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The Western States Energy Grid
WECC
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The Production Mix Constituting the WECC LCIA
Baseline
Natural Gas 5
Nuclear 13.6
Hydro 39
Coal 36.4
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WECC
Renewable Portfolio Standard
Preliminary
WECC
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END
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Life Cycle Assessment
Life Cycle Inventory Identify Types and Amounts
of Electrical Generation Set Up Model Collect
Input and Output Data Calculate Inventory
Life Cycle Impact Assessment Categorize
Environmental Data (by Impact Indicator) Character
ize Stressors and Environment to determine
stressor characterization and environmental
characterization factors Calculate Environmental
Indicator
Physical Disturbance Identify Locations of Plants
by Type Collect Data on Habitat Disturbance by
Type of Production Normalize Habitat Disturbance
to power output
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Environmental Impact Indicators Relevant To
Energy Production
Sustainability of Net depletion of energy
resources Natural Resources Net depletion of
other resources
Physical Disturbance Terrestrial/Aquatic Habitat
Disruption Increased Mortality of Key Species
Emission and Greenhouse Gases Waste
Loadings Acidifying Gases Ground Level Ozone
Gases Particulates Stratospheric Ozone
Depleting Gases Eutrophying Chemicals Hazard
ous Air Pollutants Toxic Water
Effluents Untreatable Hazardous/Radioactive
Wastes
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Analyzing Data Under LCIA
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WECC Baseline
85,700 toe
11,480 acres TBD
527,000 ton CO2 eq. 1 ton SOx eq. 34 tons O3
eq. 24 tons 0.04 tons CFC-11 eq. 0.0013 tons Hg
eq. 97,000 IBHP U ore eq.
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Renewable Portfolio Standard Baseline in the
WECC Environmental Impact Baseline
161,000 toe
57,900 acres TBD
600,000 ton CO2 eq. 2.5 ton SOx eq. 160 tons O3
eq. 42 tons negligible TBD negligible