Janet Goldschmidt

1
Blood and Blood Type

• Janet Goldschmidt
• EME 4406

Next
2
Components of Blood

• Plasma
• Red Blood Cells
• White Blood Cells
• Platelets

Next
3
Plasma

• Plasma is 55 of blood volume
• Composed of water, sugar, fat, protein, and
  potassium and calcium salts
• Contains chemicals to help blood clot
• More than 92 water

Back
4
Red Blood Cells

• Red blood cells are 45 of blood volume
• Contain hemoglobin
• Special protein that distributes oxygen
  throughout the body
• Gives red blood cells their red color

Back
5
White Blood Cells

• White blood cells are 0.1 of blood volume
• Clear, round cells
• Larger than red blood cells
• Produce antibodies (proteins) that help the body
  fight infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and
  foreign proteins

Back
6
Platelets

• Platelets are 0.17 of blood volume
• Not really cells at all - actually fragments of
  cells
• When the body is injured, platelets gather at
  site of injury
• Stick to edges of wound and release chemicals
  that blood clotting to stop bleeding

Back
7
ABO Blood Typing System

• Discovered by Karl Landsteiner in the early 1900s
• Has four blood types A, B, AB, and O
• Each person has a blood type
• Genes inherited from your parents determine your
  blood type

Next
8
How does blood type work?

• Three alleles for blood type gene
• A, B, and O
• Six possible combinations (genotypes)
• AA, BB, OO, AB, AO, BO

Next
9
Agglutinogens and Agglutinins

• Agglutinogens
• Proteins produced by blood type genes
• Present on surface of all red blood cells
• Agglutinins
• Proteins produced by other genes
• Circulate in blood plasma
• Ensure only blood cells of your blood type exist
  in your body

Next
10
Enzymatic Activities

• Agglutinogen of O allele - no enzymatic activity
• Agglutinogens of A and B alleles - produce
  different enzymatic activities

Next
11
Agglutinin/Agglutinogen Interactions
Next
12
Blood Transfusions

• Agglutinogens on donors blood cells must must
  match recipient
• Donor and recipient must have compatible blood
  types
• If blood types dont match, agglutinins in
  recipients blood attack the donated blood,
  causing agglutination (a clotting reaction)

Next
13
Compatible Blood Types
Next
14
Special genotypes

• Genotype OO -
• Universal donor
• Genotype AB -
• Universal recipient

Next
15
Lets Test Our Knowledge

• Sample crossA- x O
• Blood Typing Game!
• Blood types problem set

End Show