The Reformation

1
Comunicación y Gerencia

• The Reformation
• In
• England

Got Wife?
2
A different call for Reform

• Unlike the continental reform, the English
  Reformation began with a struggle between the
  king and the church!
• However,
• There was a growing discontentment with buying
  and selling of church positions (ecclesiastical
  venality) and the distant rule of Rome.
• Lollard influence persisted among the middle and
  lower classes.

3
A different call for Reform cont.

• Luthers books came to England through merchants
  and travelers.
• William Tyndale, one of Luthers followers at U.
  of Cambridge.
• Published the first English translation of the
  New Testament.
• Burned at the stake as a heretic in 1536

4
Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547)

• Initially rejected the Protestant Revolt.
• He wrote a book (1521) defending the Catholic
  views of the sacraments against Luther.
• Declared Defender of the faith by Leo X
• Desperately wanted a male heir!

5
Wife 1 Catherine of Aragon

• Daughter of Ferdinand Isabella of Spain
• She was the widow of Arthur (Henrys older
  brother)
• Henry VII (Dad) did not want to loose the
  alliance with Spain.
• Married in 1509.
• Had to have special papal dispensation for
  marriage to be legal. Granted by Pope Julius II
• Aunt of Charles V (H.R.E.)
• She gave birth 5 times and only one frail girl
  survived (Mary Tudor)

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The Annulment Problem

• The pope was the 2nd Medici Pope Clement VII
• He was currently a prisoner of Charles V, who had
  sacked Rome. (1527)
• He was not about to annul the marriage of his
  captors Aunt!
• (wouldnt be prudent!)
• It was also a 18 year marriage that began with
  Papal dispensation

7
The Annulment Problem

• Thomas Wosley was placed in charge of obtaining
  the annulment.
• Clement ordered the case to Rome (where it was
  destined to fail)
• Henry blamed Wosley and he was stripped of his
  duties.
• Thomas Cranmer succeeds Wosley as archbishop of
  Canterbury and eventually annuls marriage.

8
Wife 1 Catherine of Aragon

• Annuled!

9
Henry separates the English Church

• 1533 Henry secretly marries the pregnant Anne
  Boleyn.
• He convoked parliament to pass a series of acts
  that cut the ties to Rome.

• The Act in Restraint of Appeals (1533) Denied
  papal authority
• The Act of Supremacy (1534)Makes Henry VIII the
  only Supreme head on Earth of the Church of
  England.
• The Act of Succession (1534) Makes Anne Boleyns
  children direct heirs to the throne and requires
  all subjects to pledge loyalty to king as head of
  the Church of England.
• Other laws ended all payments from clergy to
  Rome, allowed executions against anyone who
  denied Kings authority, brought the clergy under
  civil law

10
Dont mess with the King

• Thomas Moore, was appointed lord chancellor for
  the King in 1529.
• A devout Catholic, he balked at the annulment
  plan.
• Refused to take pledge of loyalty declaring king
  head of church.
• He was executed as a traitor.
• Becomes a martyr and canonized a saint in the
  R.C.C.

11
I am HENRY the 8th I am I am

• When Ann Boleyn produced no sonshe was charged
  with witchcraft, incest, conspiring to kill the
  king!
• She was arrested, tried, (her uncle was the
  judge) and convicted.
• She was Decapitated!

12
Try Again Henry

• 3 Jane Seymour
• Son was born Edward VI
• She died of natural causes.

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4

• Anne of Cleves
• From a small German state.
• Married with the hope of gaining alliances.
• The Flemish Mare

• Annuled!

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5

• Katherine Howard
• Had an affair, was tried, convicted and

15
6
CATHERINE PARR
16
Religious Turmoil

• Edward VI inherits throne at 10.
• His advisors were Protestants and bring in many
  Protestant reforms.
• Communicated with Calvin.
• Many German protestants fled to England during
  the wars with Charles V.
• 1549 First Act of Uniformity imposed Thomas
  Cranmers Book of Common Prayer on all English
  churches.
• Images and altars were removed.
• Edward dies young.

17
Bloody Mary becomes Queen

• Oct 1, 1553
• Daughter from wife 1 Catherine of Aragon
• She wants to bring back the R.C.C.
• Many Protestants burn at the stake.
• Thomas Cranmer was burned in Nov 1555

18
Elizabethan Settlement

• Elizabeth comes to the Throne
• Daughter from wife 2 Ann Boleyn
• Tries to unify England.
• Elizabethan settlement was a compromise
  (acceptable middle ground) between Protestant and
  Catholic practices.
• Catholic ceremony, rituals, and hierarchy of
  bishops.
• Monarch was head of church!
• Mass was said in English not Latin.