Psycho

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Psycho- active Drugs
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• Psychoactive Drugs

• Alter perceptions
• Alter feelings

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Drug Tolerance

• Tolerance
• Decrease in effect of a drug with repeated use

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Drug Dependence

• Psychological Dependence
• A psychological need to use a drug
• Physical Dependence
• Discomfort and distress following discontinued
  use of an addictive drug
• Addiction
• Compulsive drug seeking behavior
• Control over drug use is lost

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Reward Pathway
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Reward Pathway
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• Psychoactive Drugs

• 3 common Classes of Psychoactive Drugs
• Stimulants
• Hallucinogens
• Depressants

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Stimulants

• Stimulants (uppers)
• drugs that stimulate neural activity, cause
  accelerated body functions along w/ elevated
  energy and mood changes, increased alertness, and
  decreased appetite
• caffeine
• nicotine
• amphetamines (speed)
• cocaine

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Stimulants

• Stimulants (uppers)
• drugs that stimulate neural activity, cause
  accelerated body functions along w/ elevated
  energy and mood changes, increased alertness, and
  decreased appetite
• caffeine
• nicotine
• amphetamines (speed)
• cocaine

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Stimulants

• Stimulants (uppers)
• drugs that stimulate neural activity, cause
  accelerated body functions along w/ elevated
  energy and mood changes, increased alertness, and
  decreased appetite
• caffeine
• nicotine
• amphetamines (speed)
• cocaine

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Stimulants

• Stimulants (uppers)
• drugs that stimulate neural activity, cause
  accelerated body functions along w/ elevated
  energy and mood changes, increased alertness, and
  decreased appetite
• caffeine
• nicotine
• amphetamines (speed)
• cocaine

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Stimulants

• Stimulants (uppers)
• drugs that stimulate neural activity, cause
  accelerated body functions along w/ elevated
  energy and mood changes, increased alertness, and
  decreased appetite
• caffeine
• nicotine
• amphetamines (speed)
• cocaine

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Stimulants

• Stimulants (uppers)
• drugs that stimulate neural activity, cause
  accelerated body functions along w/ elevated
  energy and mood changes, increased alertness, and
  decreased appetite
• caffeine
• nicotine
• amphetamines (speed)
• cocaine

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Stimulants

• Stimulants (uppers)
• drugs that stimulate neural activity, cause
  accelerated body functions along w/ elevated
  energy and mood changes, increased alertness, and
  decreased appetite
• caffeine
• nicotine
• amphetamines (speed)
• cocaine

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Stimulants

• Stimulants (uppers)
• drugs that stimulate neural activity, cause
  accelerated body functions along w/ elevated
  energy and mood changes, increased alertness, and
  decreased appetite
• caffeine
• nicotine
• amphetamines (speed)
• cocaine

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Mild to Severe Effects of Stimulants
From Keith Trujillo lecture notes,
neuropsychopharmacology course
 
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• Hallucinogens

• psychedelic (mind-altering) drugs that distort
  perceptions and evoke sensory images in the
  absence of sensory input (illusogens)
• LSD
• Marijuana
• Ecstasy
• Bufotenin (toad licking)
• Mescaline (peyote)
• PCP (angel dust)
• Ketamine (Special K)
• Ololuiqui (morning glory seeds)
• Psilocybin (magic mushrooms - psychedelic fungus )

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• Hallucinogens

• psychedelic (mind-altering) drugs that distort
  perceptions and evoke sensory images in the
  absence of sensory input (illusogens)
• LSD
• Marijuana
• Ecstasy
• Bufotenin (toad licking)
• Mescaline (peyote)
• PCP (angel dust)
• Ketamine (Special K)
• Ololuiqui (morning glory seeds)
• Psilocybin (magic mushrooms - psychedelic fungus )

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• Hallucinogens

• psychedelic (mind-altering) drugs that distort
  perceptions and evoke sensory images in the
  absence of sensory input (illusogens)
• LSD
• Marijuana
• Ecstasy
• Bufotenin (toad licking)
• Mescaline (peyote)
• PCP (angel dust)
• Ketamine (Special K)
• Ololuiqui (morning glory seeds)
• Psilocybin (magic mushrooms - psychedelic fungus
  )

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• Hallucinogens

• psychedelic (mind-altering) drugs that distort
  perceptions and evoke sensory images in the
  absence of sensory input (illusogens)
• LSD
• Marijuana
• Ecstasy
• Bufotenin (toad licking)
• Mescaline (peyote)
• PCP (angel dust)
• Ketamine (Special K)
• Ololuiqui (morning glory seeds)
• Psilocybin (magic mushrooms - psychedelic fungus
  )

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Hallucinogens THC (marijuana)

• THC
• the major active ingredient in marijuana
• mild hallucinogen
• amplifies sensitivity to colors, sounds,
  tastes, smells

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Localization of THC Binding Sites
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Localization of THC Binding Sites
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THC (marijuana)

• can be therapeutic
• if suffering pain and nausea
• severe weight loss
• eye pressure
• marijuana can relieve symptoms
• marijuana legalized for those purposes
• in some states
• California Arizona, 96

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Depressants

• Central nervous system depressants-
• reduce neural activity and slow body functions
  (alcohol, barbiturates, opiates)

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Depressants

• At higher doses, depressants lead to
• relief from anxiety
• disinhibition
• general anesthesia
• increased
• drowsiness
• lethargy
• amnesia

• seizures
• hypnotic effects
• sedation
• hypnosis
• coma
• death

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• Opiates
• Drugs that work as
• analgesics
• euphorogenics

Morphine
Heroin
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• Opiates
• Drugs that work as
• analgesics
• euphorogenics

Morphine
Heroin
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Alcohol Consumption AmongCollege Students-
F.Y.I.(results from survey (Bachman, 1997))

• Approx. 90 of college students drink alcohol
• Approx. 75 drink alcohol each month
• College students drink more than youths who end
  their educ. after high school
• Average annual consumption of alcohol per student
  is 34 gallons

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Alcohol Consumption AmongCollege Students- F.Y.I.

• Students in Northeast drink more than those in
  South or West
• 95 of violent crimes on college campuses ?
  alcohol/drug related
• Negative correlation between college grades and
  amount of alcohol consumed drinking ? grades ?
• Alcohol and drug-related rates decline overall in
  mid-20s when serious responsibilities often kick
  in

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Top 10 Reasons College Students Give for
Consuming AlcoholF.Y.I.(Adler Rosenberg, 1994)

• 10)makes me less self-conscious
• 9)alleviates depression
• 8)enables me to stop worrying
• 7)makes me less inhibited sexually
• 6)enables me to experience different state of
  consciousness
• 5)enables me to go along with my friends
• 4)makes me less inhibited (in saying, thinking
  and doing things)
• 3)makes me feel elated/euphoric
• 2)relieves anxiety or tension
• 1)increases my feelings of sociability

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Summary
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• end

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Keep an Eye on that Drink!

• Date rape drugs
• Rohypnol Flunitrazepam - ROOFIES sedative
  causing muscle relaxation and amnesia

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Keep an Eye on that Drink!

• Date rape drugs
• Rohypnol Flunitrazepam - ROOFIES sedative
  causing muscle relaxation and amnesia

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KetamineSpecial K
GHB Liquid X
Rohypnol
Burundanga
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KetamineSpecial K
GHB Liquid X
Rohypnol
Burundanga
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"If a woman really has the right to say "No" then
why do wealways wonder what she was wearing at
the time of the attack?" -Diane Rosenfeld
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• If you're out drinking

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• Next Time...

• Stress