Qualitative Data Gathering

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Chapter 6 Qualitative Data Gathering
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Chapter Objectives

• Discuss the assumptions of qualitative research
• Describe how qualitative researchers respond to
  the demands of accuracy and replicability
• Explain the process of planning and conducting a
  research interview
• Discuss the face-to-face, telephone and
  computer-assisted interview

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Chapter Objectives

• Explain the process of planning and conducting a
  focus group
• Describe non-participant and participant
  observational studies
• Identify other special data sources
• Describe the ethical issues involved in
  qualitative research

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The Assumptions

• Emphasis on understanding
• Perspectival view
• Discover patterns
• Indwelling
• Human-as-an-instrument
• Hidden tacit knowledge

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Accuracy and Replicability

• Trustworthiness
• Verification
• Acknowledging subjectivity and bias
• Process and sequence
• Interpretation
• Referential adequacy
• Paint the path

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Sampling

• Representative of population
• Non-probability methods
• No systematic bias
• Avoid paralysis by analysis

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Interviewing

• Pattern of an Interview (see Fig.6.2 p.139)
• Listening
• Questioning
• Paraphrasing
• Probing
• Summarising
• Non-verbal behaviour

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Pattern of Interview
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Three Levels of Interviewing

• Content level
• Process level
• Executive level

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Types of Interviews

• Structured vs Unstructured
• Face-to-face
• Telephone
• Computer assisted

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Focus Groups

• Same three levels as interviewing
• Same skills as interviewing
• Structured vs Unstructured

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Focus Groups (cont.)

• Logistics
• Group Composition
• Homogeneity
• Representation
• Strangers vs acquaintances
• Size of group

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Conducting the Focus Group

• Use pattern of interview as guide
• Specific considerations
• Facilitator team
• Recording
• Use of visual aids
• Thinking time
• Group dynamics

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Observational Studies

• Observing people in their natural work setting or
  in lab setting
• Participant vs non-participant observer
• Structured vs unstructured observation
• Advantages of observational studies
• Disadvantages of observational studies
• Bias in observational studies

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Other Special Data Sources

• Projective methods
• Secondary data
• Other secondary sources of information
• Panels

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Ethics and the Qualitative Researcher

• Guarding privacy of respondent
• No misrepresentation
• Avoid personal or intrusive
• Self-esteem and self-respect of respondent
• No one should be forced to respond
• Nonparticipant observers be unintrusive
• Debriefing of respondents
• No physical or mental harm
• No misrepresentation or distorting in data

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