International Organisations

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International Organisations
Joanna Banach
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Agenda

• International organisation - definition
• Description of
• World Bank
• International Monetary Fund
• World Trade Organisation
• UNCTAD
• Brief description of
• OPEC
• OECD

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International Organisation Definition

• Any organization with international membership,
  scope or presence, however, in common usage, it
  is a term commonly reserved for intergovernmental
  organizations (IGO) such as the United Nations,
  the European Community or the World Trade
  Organization, with sovereign states or other IGOs
  as members. Their scope and aims are most usually
  in the public interest but may also have been
  created with a specific purpose.

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World Bank

• The World Bank, a part of the World Bank Group
  (WBG), is a bank that makes loans to developing
  countries for development programs with the
  stated goal of reducing poverty.

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World Bank
History

• Established in 1944 in Bretton Woods
• 44 governments were present
• Banks prescribed capital 7.67 billion
• Help to rebuilt world after the World War II
• Transition problems of 1980s and the situation
  nowadays

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World Bank Mission

• Mission evolved from the International Bank for
  Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) as
  facilitator of post-war reconstruction and
  development to the present day mandate of
  worldwide poverty alleviation in conjunction with
  our affiliate, the International Development
  Association.

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World Bank Evolution

• From 44 to 185 coutries
• From homogeneous staff of engineers and financial
  analysts to a multidisciplinary and diverse staff
• From a single institution to the associacion of 5
  development institutions.

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World Bank Structure

• The International Bank for Reconstruction and
  Development (IBRD) - 185
• The International Development Association (IDA) -
  166
• The International Finance Corporation (IFC) - 179
• The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
  (MIGA) - 171
• The International Centre for Settlement of
  Investment Disputes (ICSID) - 143

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World Bank Activities

• Mission and key factors
• Capacity Building
• Infrastructure creation
• Development of Financial Systems
• Combating corruption
• Focused on the reduction of the global poverty
  (MDGs)
• Loans 2 types investment dev. Policy
• Grants

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International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an
international organization that oversees the
global financial system by observing exchange
rates and balance of payments, as well as
offering financial and technical assistance.
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IMF History

• 1944 Bretton Woods
• Objective restore order to international
  monetary relations
• 29 countries signed the Articles of Agreement
• The primary mission of the IMF is to provide
  financial assistance to countries that experience
  serious financial difficulties.

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IMF Who and How?

• Who (165) and how can borrow the money?

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IMF Activities

• Surveillance
• Lending money
• Technical assistance

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World Trade Organisation

• The World Trade Organization (WTO), (OMC -
  Spanish Organización Mundial del Comercio,
  French Organisation mondiale du commerce), is an
  international organization designed to supervise
  and liberalize international trade.

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WTO History

• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
  1944 Bretton Woods
• 23 countries
• 9 rounds of negotiations
• 1995 - WTO

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WTO Overview of the mission

• The WTO's stated goal is to improve the welfare
  of the peoples of its member countries,
  specifically by lowering trade barriers and
  providing a platform for negotiation of trade.
  Its main mission is "to ensure that trade flows
  as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible".

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WTO Members

• The WTO has 150 members, accounting for over 97
  of world trade. Around 30 others are negotiating
  membership.

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WTO Principles

• Nondiscrimination
• Reciprocity
• Binding and enforceable commitments
• Transparency
• Safety valves

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WTO Activities/Functions

• Administering trade agreements
• Acting as a forum for trade negotiations
• Settling trade disputes
• Reviewing national trade policies
• Assisting developing countries in trade policy
  issues, through technical assistance and training
  programmes
• Cooperating with other international
  organizations

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United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

• The United Nations Conference on Trade and
  Development (UNCTAD) was established as a
  permanent intergovernmental body, UNCTAD is the
  principal organ of the United Nations General
  Assembly dealing with trade, investment and
  development issues.

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UNCTAD History

• 1964 first UNCTAD in Geneva
• Conference every 4 years
• Currently
• 193 member States
• headquartered in Geneva
• ular budget of approximately US50 million and
  US25 million of extrabudgetary technical
  assistance funds.

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UNCTAD Mission

• "maximize the trade, investment and development
  opportunities of developing countries and assist
  them in their efforts to integrate into the world
  economy on an equitable basis."

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UNCTAD Activities

• Trade and commodities
• Investment, technology and enterprise development
• Macroeconomic policies, debt and development
  financing
• Transport, customs and information technology
• Africa, least developed countries, landlocked
  developing countries small island developing
  States

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OPEC

• The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
  Countries (OPEC) is an international cartel made
  up of Iraq, Indonesia, Iran, Kuwait, Libya,
  Angola, Algeria, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
  the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.

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OPEC Description
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OECD

• The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
  Development (OECD), (in French Organisation de
  coopération et de développement économiques
  OCDE) is an international organisation of those
  developed countries that accept the principles of
  representative democracy and a free market
  economy.

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OECD
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Bibliography

• www.worldbank.org
• www.imf.org
• www.wto.org
• www.unctad.org
• www.wikipedia.org
• www.oecd.org
• www.opec.org