M o b i l i t y

1
M o b i l i t y

• INF-5260
• 29 January 2004, 1415 1600
• jo.herstad_at_ifi.uio.no

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Overview

• Perspectives
• Past present future
• Mobility terminology - concepts
• Conditions for the possibility of mobility
• Projects

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The questions!

• What is mobile?
• What is not mobile?

human
situation
technology
4
Relations relational or observer observed
Observation tower
trains
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The past the present the future
now
future
past

• The past is history. The future is a mystery.
  Now is a gift. That is why it is called the
  present ?

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Inventions and standards in Norway
2004
1876
1908
1835
1960
1993
1981
Optic Telegraph
Telegraph - Morse
Telephone - Bell
Ship to shore radio communicaiton
Rogaland Radio HF
NMT-450
NMT-900
GSM in Norway
3. gen. wireless
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Mobility - terminology

• Mobility
• Person mobility
• Session mobility
• Terminal mobility
• Component mobility
• Services mobility
• Multimedia mobility
• Micromobility
• User mobility
• Wireless technology affords mobility
• Personal terminals affords mobility
• Internet affords mobility

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Personal mobility

• The ability of a user to access services from any
  terminal and any location, (including invitations
  to join sessions). This ability may be restricted
  due to contract agreements between the Consumer
  and Retailer, and due to user system
  capabilities.
• Ref www.tinac.org

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Terminal mobility

• The ability of a terminal to change physical
  location. This includes terminals which can
  continue to support services while moving, and
  those that cannot.
• Ref www.tinac.org

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Session mobility

• The capability to suspend a session and resume it
  on a different location and or terminal.
• Ref www.tinac.org

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Viewpoints point of view

• Micro mobility (reference Heath and Luff)
• Discrete mobility (for example DECT)
• Continous mobility (for example GSM)
• Local mobilty
• Global mobility
• Component mobility
• And....what concepts are needed?

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Modes of mobility

• Wandering, visiting, traveling
• Ref Ljungberg and Kristoffersen
• Vagabond
• Ref Øystein Olsen, hovedfagsoppgave 1999.
• By means of transportation technology -
  footwear, bicycles, automobiles, buses,
• John Urry societies

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The vagabond

• Wherever I may roam (Metallica)
• ...and the road becomes my bride I have stripped
  of all but pride so in her I do confide and she
  keeps me satisfied gives me all I need ...and
  with dust in throat I crave only knowledge will I
  save to the game you stay a slave rover wanderer
  nomad vagabond call me what you will but I'll
  take my time anywhere free to speak my mind
  anywhere and I'll redefine anywhere anywhere I
  may roam where I lay my head is home ...and the
  earth becomes my throne I adapt to the unknown
  under wandering stars I've grown by myself but
  not alone I ask no one ...and my ties are severed
  clean the less I have the more I gain off the
  beaten path I reign rover wanderer nomad vagabond
  call me what you will but I'll take my time
  anywhere I'm free to speak my mind anywhere and
  I'll never mind anywhere anywhere I may roam
  where I lay my head is home but i'll take my time
  anywhere free to speak my mind and I'll take my
  find anywhere anywhere I may roam where I lay my
  head is home carved upon my stone my body lie,
  but still I roam wherever I may roam

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The conditions for the possibility of mobility

• Space as the condition for the possibility of
  mobility.
• Wireless technologies as the condition for the
  possiblity of mobility.
• Miniaturisation as the condition for the
  possibility of mobility.

Investigations of these conditions
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Space as the condition for the possiblity of
mobility

• What is space? What is a place?
• Cartesian space.
• Subjective space.
• Experienced place.
• People in places.
• Tecnology and places space
• Use in place.
• Body as a place.
• Body and equipent in places.

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Locations example from Knowmobile
RH university clinic
US university clinic
US university clinic
local hospital 1
local hospital 2
local hospital 8
general practice 1
general practice n
other place
home
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Indoor and outdoor places

• Indoor
• Hospital
• Local praxis
• Home
• Inside automobile
• Corner
• ---
• Outdoors
• Roads
• Pavements
• Public places
• Under a tree

Im all over the place (ref Belotti Bly)
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Personal sense regions in places
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Use in context
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Wireless technology as the condition for the
possibility of mobility

• What is wire-less?
• Snorløs
• Trådløs
• What is the wire?
• Relational technology.

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Wireless networks in places
person
room
region
country
world
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Wireless local network examples

• IEEE 802.11
• wireless LAN
• Blutetooth
• 2.4 GHz open
• small size
• low effect,
• voice and data
• 1 Mbps robust transfer rate
• coverage 10 meter (100 meter)

a tooth
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Miniaturisation as the contition for the
possibilty

• The computer.
• The radio.
• The telephone.
• The stereo.
• The camera.
• ..... are all getting smaller.

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Inside the terminal

• Miniaturization
• Processor
• Memory
• Battery
• Input output units, nuts and bolts
• Radio technology
• Coverage
• Utilization of specter
• New specter
• Compression
• HCI - Human Computer Interaction for mobile and
  wearable devices

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Terminal

• A physical equipment which a user operates to
  interact with a network or other users. This
  terminal may have signaling capability (or
  capability to handle messages related to an
  object-oriented interface) to perform service
  procedures. This terminal may have capability of
  control bearers to connect/disconnect bearer
  connections.
• Ref www.tinac.org

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Multiple terminals
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Heterogenity
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Trend - convergence and diffusion
telephone
radio
computer
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Convergence or collision
Convergence
Collision
Telecom
WAP Symbian Bluetooth
WAP Symbian Bluetooth
Media
Computer
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Value networks a way to sort things
infrastructure
services and applications
access and promotion
Ref Stabell and Fjelstad
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Mobility - communication and information
input output
PC
patient
student
network 1
network n
PDA
input output
student
input output
mobile
teacher
input output
other
local doctor
other
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Summing up

• Mobility as a relational science.
• Mobility past, present, future.
• Space as the condition for the possiblity of
  mobility.
• Wireless technology as the condition for the
  possiblity of mobility.
• Miniaturisation as the condition for the
  possiblity of mobility.

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Projects

• Two conditions are to be met in order to succeed.
• First start.
• Then continue.
• Deliverables
• Project plan, date
• Status report, date
• Final report, date

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Projects

• Group size 3 7
• Project plan requirements The what, when,
  who, how, which, where of the project. (1 - 2
  pages)
• Status report describe the status of the
  project (5-15 pages)
• Final report report basis for presentation (10
  30 pages)

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Projects

• The phenomena to be investigated and described
• Mobile people, users.
• Mobile technologies.
• Situations, contexts, environements.
• Combination of
• Theoretical description and analysis
• Empirical description and analysis
• Synthesis or construction

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According to Nyggaard science is about

• Observation. The empirical study of phenomena
  their identification, observed properties and
  behavior.
• Analysis. Comprehension and explanation of
  phenomena in terms of an underlying theory.
• Synthesis (or construction of technology).
  Knowledge organized for the purpose of designing,
  generating or modifying phenomena.
• Multiperspective reflection. The concurrent or
  alternating use of several perspectives in the
  consideration of phenomena - perspectives either
  from within the same science or drawn from more
  than one science. The study of how changes,
  introduced according to one viewpoint, affect
  properties of the phenomena when regarded from
  another viewpoint.

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Project groups

• Name
• Establish peer groups.
• Each group is a sparring partner for one other
  group comments, advise, care, concern,
  inspiration etc. etc.

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Artikkelgjennomgang

• Artikkelgjennomgang
• Velge en artikkel.
• Analysere den.
• Presentere den.
• Samtale om den.
• Koble artikkelen mot en annen artikkel.
• Bruk gjerne lysark, demonstrasjon etc.
• Innlevering NIL