Medical Physics

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Medical Physics

• Practical applications
• of serious physics
• Dr Daniel Bulte

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What Use is Physics?

• 35km of superconducting wire immersed in 1000
  litres of liquid helium at -270 C
• A radio frequency transmitter designed to
  stimulate transitions between quantum energy
  states
• Powerful computers to perform Fourier transforms
  and statistics

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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What Use is Physics?

• A linear accelerator designed to create
  radioactive isotopes
• A spinning ring of gamma ray detectors
• Powerful computers to calculate tomographic
  back-projection algorithms

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Positron Emission Tomography
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Positron Emission Tomography
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What is Medical Physics?

• The science of the interactions between energy
  and the human body
• Imaging/probing energy in energy out
• Treatment energy in effect
• Tools required
• Mathematics
• Computers
• Some serious hardware

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What is Nuclear Medicine

• Nuclear medicine is a branch of medicine and
  medical imaging that uses the nuclear properties
  of matter in diagnosis and therapy.

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Applications

• Measurement
• Imaging
• Function
• Composition
• Treatment
• Energy deposition
• Radiation
• Heat
• Light
• Sound

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Measurement

• X-Rays
• CT Scans
• MRI/MRS
• Ultrasound/Sonography
• PET/SPECT
• EEG
• ECG
• MEG

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Early X-Ray
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Advanced CT Imaging
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How Tomography Works
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How Tomography Works
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Sonography
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Electrocardiography ECG
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Electroencephalography EEG
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EEG
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EEG
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Magnetoencephalography MEG
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MEG
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MEG
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MEG vs EEG
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Combining Techniques
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Functional MRI
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Functional MRI
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Treatment

• Radiotherapy
• Ultrasound therapy
• Lasers

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Linear Accelerators

• Electron beams aimed at Tungsten
• High energy X-rays produced
• 5 to 15 MeV energies
• Sophisticated timing and direction to ensure
  precise delivery

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Linear Accelerators
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Linear Accelerators
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Linear Accelerators
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Linear Accelerators
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High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound
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High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound
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Lasers!
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Medical Laser Usage

• Eye surgery
• Neurosurgery
• Cosmetic surgery
• Cancer treatment
• Spectroscopy

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Scanning laser ophthalmoscope
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Conquering Fear

• Most people are unaware that they are surrounded
  by physics
• Most people fear things they dont know or
  understand
• Words like radiation and nuclear make people
  frightened
• Patients are often already nervous or stressed

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Conquering Fear

• In general, more radiation is absorbed by the
  body during a single, short aeroplane flight than
  is taken in by the majority of nuclear medicine
  studies.

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You Can Help!

• Increasing your own knowledge and that of those
  around you will help to dispel the fear of
  medical physics
• The best way to do this is to study and become a
  medical physicist!

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Summary

• Energy and the human body
• Photons, sound, particles, magnetic fields,
  radiation
• Mathematics
• Statistics, analysis, modelling
• Technology
• Computers, superconductors, electromagnets,
  detectors, lasers, electronics

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Medical Physics is

• Radiation
• Electric and Magnetic fields
• Superconductors
• Lasers
• Signal processing
• Radio frequency electronics
• Statistics
• Computing
• Analysis
• Acoustics
• Anything you can think of

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Is Medical Physics a Good Idea for You?

• High demand
• High pay
• Well funded research
• Interesting projects
• High job satisfaction
• Some really fun toys to play with!

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For More Information

• Contact us
• Dr Daniel Bulte
• Prof Wade Allison
• http//www.ox.ac.uk

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Functional MRI
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Fourier Transforms
Time
Frequency
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Fourier Transforms